2.2- Prokarytoic cells

Question 1

How does water go into a bacteria cell

Answer 1

osmosis

Question 2

What is the role of the cell wall in a bacteria cell

Answer 2

stop its from swelling and bursting and maintains the shape of the bacterium

Question 3

What do ALL bacteria cells contain

Answer 3

peptolgycan

Question 4

What is peptidoglycan

Answer 4

a large net, net like molecule found in all baterial cell walls made up of many parallel polysacharide chains with short peptide cross linkages

Question 5

What is the role of the slime layer (capsule) in bacteria

Answer 5

it protects it from phogoyctoysis by white blood cells

Question 6

What are the capsules made from

Answer 6

starch, geleatin , protein

Question 7

What are pilli

Answer 7

thread like protein projections found on the surface of some bateria

Question 8

What are the uses for pilli

Answer 8

pilli are used for host cell attachement and sexual reproduction

Question 9

What is the bad thing about pilli

Answer 9

they make the bacteria more vunerable for viral infections

Question 10

How does the bacteria make its self prone to viral infections

Answer 10

the bateriophage can use pilli as an entry point to cell

Question 11

What is a plasmid

Answer 11

`small circular peices of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype

Question 12

How can plasmids can be transferred

Answer 12

via sexual reproduction using the pilli

Question 13

Describe the gentic material in prokatoryic cells

Answer 13

Consists of a single length of DNA often ciruclar which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus

Question 14

What is a nucleioid

Answer 14

the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA

Question 15

the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA is what

Answer 15

nucleioid

Question 16

What is the imporatnce of gram staining

Answer 16

diffrent types of bacteria are vulnerable to diffrent types of anitibiotics

Question 17

What is gram staining tec

Answer 17

technique used to distingiush types of bacteria by the cell wall

Question 18

What is a gram postive bacteria

Answer 18

bacteria that contain teichoic acid in their cell walls and stain purple/ blue with gram staining

Question 19

What is teichoic acid

Answer 19

Chemical found in the cell walls of gram postive bacteria

Question 20

What is a gram negative bacteria

Answer 20

bacteria have no techooic acid in their cell walls . they stain red with gram staining

Question 21

the cell walls of gram negative bacteria have what

Answer 21

thin later of peptodoglycan with no teichocic acid between two laters of membrane

Question 22

How else can you classify bacteria

Answer 22

by their shape

Question 23

What does cocci mean

Answer 23

spherical

Question 24

What does bacilli mean

Answer 24

rod shaped

Question 25

what does spirlia mean

Answer 25

twisted

Question 26

what does vibrios mean

Answer 26

comma shaped

Question 27

What is the diffrence in the strucutre of the walls of gram + and gram - bacteria

Answer 27

the cell walls of gram - have a thin layer of peptidoglycan which no teichoic acid between 2 layers of membrane

Question 27

Describe gram + bacteria

Answer 27

thick layer of peptiglcoyan containing teichoic acid

Question 28

Describe gram -

Answer 28

much harder to treat bc peptiglycoaghn is layer is hidden and less vital
it is also protected by a second outer membrane

Question 29

what does gram staning do

Answer 29

affects the type of cell wall

Question 30

How do antibitoics work?

Answer 30

affecting the bacteria cell wall, cell menerbane, genetic wall the enzymes and the ribsomes

Question 31

What ribsomes do PC have

Answer 31

70S (plays a central role in protein synthesis)

Question 32

Where is the DNA found in PC

Answer 32

Nucleioid

Question 33

Describe the GM in PC

Answer 33

single length of DNA often circualr which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus

Question 34

What is a plasmid

Answer 34

small, circular pieces of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype

Question 35

How can plasmids be transfeered?

Answer 35

sexual reproduction using the pilli

Question 36

Cell surface membrane in prokarytoic cell

Answer 36

bacteria have no mitochondria so the cell membrane is also the site if some of the respiratory enzymes