Week 4

Question 1

What are “defense mechanisms”?

Answer 1

Mental strategies, rooted in the ego, that we use to manage anxiety when we feel threatened.

Question 2

What are the 15 common defense mechanisms?

Answer 2

Denial, Regression, Acting Out, Dissociation, Compartmentalization, Projection, Reaction Formation, Repression, Displacement, Intellectualization, Rationalization, Undoing, Sublimation, Compensation and Assertiveness

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

The seat of drives and instincts

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

Represents the logical, reality-oriented part of the mind that helps the ID and superego get along

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

Your conscience - the moral guidelines, rules, and prohibitions that guide your behavior.

Question 6

What is the “object relations theory”?

Answer 6

The object relations theory contends that personality can be understood as reflecting mental images of significant figures that we form early in life in response to interactions taking place within the family. These mental images serve as a template for later interpersonal relationships.

Question 7

Family in the Head

Answer 7

The family in the head is that we have internalized representations of important people in our lives, and these internalized figures talk to us and influence our behavior.

AKA “internalizations” or “internalized figures”

Question 8

Define “overvaluation of love”

Answer 8

An idea by psychoanalyst Karen Horney that sexism and the demeaning of women’s value leads them to overvalue the experience of love and their connection to a male, usually through marriage

Question 9

What is the “primacy of the unconscious”?

Answer 9

A hypothesis that the vast majority of a mental activity takes place outside conscious awareness.

Question 10

Psychic Causality

Answer 10

The assumption that nothing in mental life happens by chance and there is no such thing as a “random” thought or feeling.

Question 11

What is a “Freduian slip”?

Answer 11

Saying something unintended, making a verbal error, or saying something that betrays your unconscious mind.

Question 12

Define “self-in-relation”

Answer 12

Feeling connected to others, being able to empathize, and being embedded in or dependent on relationships.

Question 13

Define “self-analysis”

Answer 13

An idea that people can study themselves and don’t always have to use professionals, such as studying their own internalized figures and how these figures influence our behavior.

Question 14

What is “womb envy”?

Answer 14

An idea that men envy women’s ability to create life.

Question 15

True or False:
Freud believed humans need to identify with a same-sex parent in order to become fully mature. Thus Freud does not agree with same-sex parents.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Oedipal Complex

Answer 16

The desire for one parent and jealousy for the other.

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

The act of pushing threatening impulses, thoughts, and ideas into the unconscious to be dealt with later, or never.

Question 18

Reaction Formation

Answer 18

Hiding threatening impulses by over-emphasizing their opposite.

Question 19

Denial

Answer 19

Refusal to acknowledge anxiety-provoking stimuli.

Question 20

Projection

Answer 20

Attributing anxiety-provoking impulse or thoughts to others, rather than to yourself.

Question 21

Displacement

Answer 21

The transfer of negative emotion from one person or thing, to an unrelated person or thing.

Question 22

Sublimation

Answer 22

Dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially meaningful motivations.

Question 23

Regression

Answer 23

Protecting the individual by returning to an earlier, “safer” time of life, rather than managing difficult impulses in a more mature way.

Question 24

Splitting

Answer 24

The belief that a person is all good, or all bad.

Splitting in general is a failure to see shades of get, or more subtle and complex aspect of life.

Question 25

Define “motivated reasoning”

Answer 25

Motivated reasoning is how people convince themselves or remain convinced of what they want to believe. They seek out information that agrees with their view and learn it easily. They avoid, ignore, devalue, forget, or argue against information that contradicts their beliefs.

Question 26

True or False:

Research has found that nearly all early memories remembered, especially traumatic ones.

Answer 26

False - they are all nearly forgotten. Some people are able to report early events and memories, including birth.

Question 27

What is “constructive memory”?

Answer 27

The belief that memories change over time. Childhood memories are constructive memories because the connection to the memories may not always be accurate.

Question 28

What are “transitional objects”?

Answer 28

Objects used to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality.

It can be used as a source of comfort when the adult is not available; helps the child face the world alone.