Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A S C P I > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Measures reduction in light transmission by PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION

A

Turbidimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Similar to turbidimetry, but light is measured AT AN ANGLE FROM LIGHT SOURCE

A

Nephelometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical rxn produces colored subs that absorbs light of a specific wL

Amt of light absorbed = analyte concen’n

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Measures light absorbed by GROUND STATE ATOMS

A

AAS

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atoms absorb light of SPECIFIC wL and emit light of longer wL (lower energy)

A

Fluorometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical rxn that produces light

Involves oxidation of (3)

A

Chemiluminiscence;

  1. Luminol.
  2. Acridinium esters
  3. Dioxetanes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Critical component of all spectrophotometers

Device use to select the appropriate wL

A

Monochromator/wL selector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of wavelength selector (4)

A
  1. Filter
  2. Prism
  3. Grating monochromator
  4. Holographic gratings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atoms absorb energy at a particular wL

A

Excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In fluorescence, electrons release energy as they return to ground state by:

A

EMITTING LIGHT ENERGY OF A LONGER WAVELENGTH AND LOWER ENERGY THAN THE EXCITING WL
(⬆️ Wavelength = ⬇️ energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Fasting samples (5)
At least 8hours
A 
FLIGhT
Fbs
Lipid panel
Insulin
Gastrin
TAG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tests that needs CHILLING

-slurry of crushed ice and water - ice cubes alone will lyse RBC

A 
A3 G2 L P2 R
ACTH, ammonia, Acetone
Gastrin, Glucagon
Lactic acid
Pyruvate, PTH
Renin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TestS that need WARMING (2)
37’ heat block
Heel warmer
Hold in hand

A

Cryoglobulins

Cold agglutinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protection from light (5)

- aluminum foil

A

BCEV2

Bilirubin
Carotene
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin
Vit A, Vit B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Requires CHAIN OF CUSTODY (3)

- lockbox may be required

A

Blood alcohol
Drug screens
DNA analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increased upon PUMPING FIST DURING VENIPUNCTURE

A

PLaCK ⬆️

Phosphorus
LActic acid
Calcium
K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DECREASED upon PUMPING FIST DURING VENIPUNCTURE

A

⬇️ pH (acidic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TOURNIQUET > 1 min (⬆️)

A

K+
Lactic acid
Total proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hemolysis causes ⬆️ in (7)

A 
KLAMP I
K+
LD
Ammonia, Ast
Mg
Phosphorus 
Iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tube for LEAD DETERMINATIONS

A

Tan top (EDTA)
Tan Hemogard closure tubes
inversions: 8 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lead content of Tan Top tube

A

Less than 0.1 ug/mL lead

K2 EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Measured every 3-6 months to monitor glycemic control

A

Hba1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Decreased GLYCOSYLATED HB (HBA1C)

A
  1. Shortened RBC survival
  2. Lower mean RBC age:
    - hemolysis, recovery fr. acute blood loss, transfusions or splenectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Used to assess short-term (3-6weeks) glycemic control

A

Fructosamine

- average half life of proteins is 2-3weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most common method of urea assay couples urease with:

A

GLDH

glutamate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rate of disappearance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced, NADH) at __nm

A

340 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anticoagulant that will interfere with mtds using urease

A

fluoride (gray top)

- it inhibits the urease rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Effect of cephalosporins when Jaffe rxn is used

A

Falsely increased

- jaffe mtd is subj to interference by a-keto acids and cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Used to determine prognosis

A

Blood ammonia

- correlation between HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY & Plasma ammonia is not always consistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Better than blood ammonia as indicator of the severity of disease

A

Arterial ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gold standard for Acute Coronary Syndrome (MI)

A

Cardiac troponins (cTNI, cTNT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Proteolytic fragments of collagen I formed during bone resorption (turnover)

A

Cross linked C-Telopeptide (CTXS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Biochemical marker for bone resorption and can be detected in serum and urine

A

CTX

34
Q

New test for the diagnosis and prediction if IMPENDING PRETERM DELIVERY

A

Fetal Fibronectin (fFN)

35
Q

Increased after meal consumption

A

TAG (carried by chylomicrons and chylomicron remnant)

POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA

36
Q

3-STEP PROCEDURE FOR HDL-c MEASUREMENT

A
  1. Ultracentrifugation - remove VLDL
  2. Heparin manganese Pptn - remove LDL
  3. Analysis of supernatant cholesterol (ABELL-KENDALL ASSAY)
37
Q

Reference method for measuring cholesterol

A

GC-MS

- specific; does not measure related sterols

38
Q

Show great selectivity for K+

A

VALINOMYCIN MEMBRANES

- used as ion selective carrier

39
Q

Sodium level in SIADH

A

Decreased

Hypoosmolar Hyponatremia

40
Q

Characterized by a euvolemic Hypoosmolar, Hyponatremia associated with HYPEROSMOLAR URINE (result of continued inappropriate natriuresis)

A

SIADH SECRETION

41
Q

Due to HYPERPROTENEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIA results from the dilution of sample

A

Pseudohyponatremia

42
Q

Measurement of sodium with Flame photometer and ISE method (indirect) always result in this type of error because sample is always diluted

A

Pseudohyponatremia

43
Q

Accompanied by normal plasma osmolality because of the accumulation of some abnormal osmols or abnormal concentrations of non-sodium osmols

A

TRUE HYPONATREMIA

44
Q

Non-sodium osmols (3)

A

Alcohol
Urea
Glucose

45
Q

Effect of acute hyperglycemia to sodium

A

HYPONATREMIA

- result of water shift from the cell

46
Q

Serum sodium decreases by __ mmol/L every 100 mg/dL rise in serum glucose

A

1.6

47
Q 
Electrolyte involved in:
Blood coagulation
Enzyme activity
Excitability or skeletal and cardiac mse
Maintenance of BP
A

Calcium

48
Q

Causes HYPERCALCEMIA (6)

A

“CHIMPS”

Cancer
Hyperthyroidism 
Iatrogenic causes
Multiple myeloma
hyperParathyroidism
Sarcoidosis
49
Q

Causes HYPOCALCEMIA (5)

A

“CHARD”

Calcitonin
Hypoparathyroidism
Alkalosis
Renal failure 
Vit D deficiency
50
Q

⬆️ iCa

⬆️ PTH

A

Parathyroid glands (adenoma, carcinoma)

51
Q

⬆️ Ica

⬇️ PTH

A

CHIMS

Cancer
Hyperthyroidism 
Iatrogenic causes
Multiple myeloma
Sarcoidosis
52
Q

Formula for TIBC

A

TIBC = UIBC + SERUM IRON

53
Q

Formula for TRANSFERRIN SATURATION

A

Transferrin saturation (%) = Serum iron/tibc x 100

54
Q

Essential cofactor of more than 300 enzymes

A

Magnesium

55
Q

Influence on the activity of more than 300 enzymes

A

Zinc

56
Q 
Are amphoteric and show DECREASED ABSORPTION when take with foods or medications containing:
Calcium
Aluminum
Mg
Iron
A

TETRACYCLINES

57
Q

Source of ALP which is heat labile

A

Bone (90% inhibited by heat and urea)

58
Q

Source of ALP which is most Heat stable

A

Placenta

59
Q

Order of anodal migration of ALP source of enzyme

A

Liver
Bone
Placenta/Regan
Intestine

60
Q

ALP enzymes most inhibited by L-phenylalanine

A

Placenta and Regan (Carcinoma) -80%

61
Q

Reference method for measuring ALP

A

Bowers-mccomb

Substrate: p-nitrophenylphosphate

62
Q

Method for measuring Total ACP activity which is MORE SPECIFIC FOR PROSTATIC FORM

A

Roy

63
Q

Roy method for ACP substrate

A

Thymolphthalein monosphosphate

64
Q

Increased amylase

A

Acute pancreatitis

Mumps

65
Q

Lab dx of acute pancreatitis

A

Elevation of serum and urine amylase

⬆️ serum lipase

66
Q

Amylase: elevation, peak and return to normal level

A

ELEVATION: 2-12 hrs of an attack
PEAK: 24 Hrs
NORMALIZE: 3-5 DAYS

67
Q

Lipase

PEAK AND HOW LONG IS IT ELEVATED

A

12-24hrs and REMAINS ELEVATED LONGER THAN AMS

68
Q

Causes of INCREASED AMYLASE (6)

A 
Mumps
Cholecystitis
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Macroamylasemia
69
Q

Benign condition in which AMS binds to an Ig molecule.

Chronic ⬆️ serum AMS, but NORMAL urine AMS

A

Macroamylasemia

70
Q

Suppress or inhibit serum AMS activity

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

71
Q

Ph electrode immersed in a bicarbonate solution used for measuring the partial pressure of CO2 (pco2) in blood

A

PCO2 electrode

72
Q

Change in pH because of INCREASE carbonic acid in the electrolyte surrounding the electrodes

A

Measurement of CO2 in blood by means of pco2

73
Q

Calibration of blood gas analyzer

A

2 buffers with known pH and constant Temperature

74
Q

Why does blood gas analyzer use 2 different standard buffers

A

To calibrate the ISEs for measuring pH

75
Q

Measurement of pH is temperature-sensitive procedure, so its is impt that analyzer be maintained at___ on the heat block

A

37’ +_ 0.05’C

76
Q

Method used to measure PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

A

24-HR URINARY METANEPHRINE

- 95% sensitive and is the best single test

77
Q

Tumor marker for BREAST, OVARIAN AND GIT

A

Her-2/neu

78
Q

Methods used to measure Her2/neu

A

IHC
FISH
ELISA

79
Q

Increased PSA (4)

A

Prostate cancer
Acute/chronic prostate inflammation
Benign prostate hypertrophy
Transurethral prostate resection or biopsy

80
Q

Reference value of PSA

A

0-4 ng/mL

81
Q

Indication of rising PSA level after surgery

A

Recurring malignancy

A S C P I (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions