Term 1 End of Topic-States of Matter

Question 1

Solid particle arrangement

Answer 1

Packed neatly and tightly together in a regular pattern due to attractive forces

Question 2

Solid particle movement

Answer 2

Held together too tightly for the particles to change places but can vibrate

Question 3

Solid particle energy

Answer 3

Lowest amount of energy of the states of matter

Question 4

Liquid particle arrangement

Answer 4

The particles in a liquid are loosely arranged which means they do not have a fixed shape like solids, but they rather take the shape of the container they are in

Question 5

Liquid particle movement

Answer 5

In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.

Question 6

Liquid particle energy

Answer 6

The speed at which the particles move around inside the liquid depends on the energy of the particles.

Question 7

Gas particle arrangement

Answer 7

Well separated with no regular arrangement

Question 8

Gas particle movement

Answer 8

The particles in a gas are moving very quickly in random directions

Question 9

Gas particle energy

Answer 9

Greatest amount of energy amongst the particles

Question 10

Interconversion

Answer 10

Name for state of matter changes

Question 11

Melting (Solid to Liquid)

Answer 11

When the molecules of a solid are heated enough and speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid.

Question 12

Evaporation (Liquid to Gas)

Answer 12

The liquid is heated and the particles gain heat energy and move quicker. This keeps happening until the particles on the surface break free as a gas

Question 13

Condensation (Gas to Liquid)

Answer 13

Reverse of evaporation

Question 14

Freezing (Liquid to Solid)

Answer 14

The liquid is cooled and the heat it had is used to repair the bonds to liquid???

Question 15

Effect of impurities on melting and boiling point on a solid.

Answer 15

The more impurities there are the lower the melting point of the solid

Question 16

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 16

A reaction that absorbs heat

Question 17

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 17

A reaction that releases heat

Question 18

Difference between Evaporation and Boiling

Answer 18

. Boiling is faster
. Unlike evaporation which is only active on the surface of liquids, boiling can occur in any location of the liquid (which is why bubbles form in a boiling liquid)
. Evaporation takes place at any temperature (if it is high enough), whereas boiling occurs at a fixed temperature

Question 19

Why does the temperature not change when a heated liquid starts boiling?

Answer 19

The heat energy being applied is being used to break the bonds of the liquid and turn the liquid into free gas particles

Question 20

Brownian Motion

Answer 20

Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

The natural movement of fluid substances without any outside influence. The particles move in a randomly due to frequent collisions with other particles. The particles. Particles spread out from where there are lots of them (high concentration)
to areas where there are few of them (low concentration). This continues until the particles are evenly distributed (but the particles do continue to move)