Term 2/3 End of Topic- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Question 1

What are the 3 subatomic particles which make up atoms?

Answer 1

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Question 2

Protons are…

Answer 2

Equal to electrons and the atomic number; located in the nucleus of the atom

Question 3

Neutrons are…

Answer 3

Atomic Mass- Protons (or atomic number or protons) the only exception being hydrogen with no neutrons and 1 proton; found in the nucleus of the atom

Question 4

Electrons are…

Answer 4

Equal to protons and the atomic number; found in a shell like configuration orbiting the atom

Question 5

Electron Config

Answer 5

The first shell can only hold 2, then the rest can hold 8 each, try to start from the right if you have a remainder of electrons.
E.g. If an atom has an atomic number of 9, it has an electronic configuration of 2,7

Question 6

Atomic number and mass:

Answer 6

Atomic mass is the higher number in position as well as always the higher value in number (except for Hydrogen)

Question 7

Groups

Answer 7

THE COLUMNS (of periodic table)

Question 8

Periods

Answer 8

THE ROWS (of the periodic table)

Question 9

The nucleus is…

Answer 9

Quite small compared to the whole atom

Question 10

Element

Answer 10

A substance which can not be broken down into anything simpler; made of only one type of atom. Can exist as single atoms e.g. Na, or bonded with other atoms to form molecules e.g. Na2

Question 11

Compound

Answer 11

Contains 2 or more elements which have been chemically bonded. Elements in a compound are in a fixed ratio which is shown by the formula e.g. water(H20) there are 2 Hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom. Are difficult to separate and must undergo chemical change for the preceding to happen

Question 12

Mixture

Answer 12

2 or more elements or compounds in a variable ratio that are not chemically bonded. Easier to separate than Compounds

Question 13

Example of word equation

Answer 13

Iron + Sulfur (an arrow pointing right would be here) Iron Sulfide

Question 14

Group 2 metals: Acid + Metal

Answer 14

Salt + Hydrogen

Question 15

Group 2 metals: Acid+ Metal Carbonate

Answer 15

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 16

Group 2 metals: Metal + Water

Answer 16

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 17

Separation Techniques:

Answer 17

Filtration/Decanting, Evaporation, Simple Distillation, Fractional Distillation, Chromatography

Question 18

Filtration/Decanting

Answer 18

Separates Insoluble solid + Liquid e.g. Sand and water

Pour mixture down a filter funnel with filtration paper around the inside

Question 19

Simple Distillation

Answer 19

Separates Solution, obtains solvent e.g. Water from a salt solution

Evaporation, but there is a condenser thing on the end

Question 20

Evaporation

Answer 20

Separation Solution, obtains solute e.g. Salt from a salt solution

Heat up solution until it is at the boiling point of the liquid. Liquid evaporates, solid remains

Question 21

Fractional Distillation

Answer 21

Separates 2 Miscible Liquids e.g. Ethanol and Water

Heats the mixture to a heat between their boiling points (although not too close to the higher boiling point if possible) and evaporates, then condenses the evaporated liquid with the lower boiling point.

Question 22

Separating Funnel

Answer 22

Separates 2 immiscible liquids e.g. Oil and Water

Question 23

Chromatography

Answer 23

Separates multiple soluble solids e.g. Mixture of food dyes

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