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CPNP- AC > Trauma/Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Trauma/Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the dichroic notch represent on an arterial line tracing?

A

Aortic valve closure

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2
Q

In what order do hypotension bradycardia and tachycardia occur when during hypovolemic shock from loss of blood volume?

A

Tachycardia, hypotension, bradycardia

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3
Q

What percentage of the body surface area in a child is the chest arms head? Adult?

A

Just 18 in both, arms nine in both, head 18% in kids 9% in adults increase surface area in the legs and adults

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4
Q

What does a pulmonary contusion look like on a chest x-ray?

A

Consolidation that is non-specific can look like aspiration or atelectasis as well as subcutaneous emphysema

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5
Q

Two unique points of rib fractured in children?

A

Race suspicion of maltreatment, less common in children

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of post burn morbidlity and mortality?

A

Infection

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7
Q

Grade 6 liver injury?

A

Avulsion of liver where the holdover is free floating in the abdomen

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8
Q

What does abdominal compartment syndrome cause?

A

Coagulopathies, acidosis, hypothermia, bowel edema

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9
Q

What complication of chest trauma results in the accumulation of blood in the pleural space between lung and chest wall?

A

Hemothorax

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10
Q

What unique phenomenon can occur as a result of spinal fusion or scoliosis repair?

A

S i a d h due to the volume replacement and spinal manipulation

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11
Q

What is the treatment for toxic synovitis?

A

NSAIDs

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12
Q

What does pulses paradoxes look like on an arterial waveform?

A

Flattening of dicrotic notch, exclamation rises inhalation lowers overall

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13
Q

What are the three A’s that proceed the three P’s?

A

Anxiety, agitation, analgesic requirement

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of death in children with a blunt abdominal trauma?

A

Liver laceration

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15
Q

What is a capillary leak in the context of burns?

A

Fluid shifts that occur over 12 to 48 hours causing electrolyte instability. Proteins escape into the interstitial space and potassium may be released from injured cells

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16
Q

What is the parkland formula?

A

Fluid replacement strategy. First half of loss fluid in first 8 hours second half over the following 16 hours

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17
Q

What is the most common organism causing osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

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18
Q

What unique phenomenon can occur as a result of spinal fusion or scoliosis repair?

A

S i a d h due to the volume replacement and spinal manipulation

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19
Q

What complication of trauma causes an accumulation of blood or fluid in the pericardial sac?

A

Cardiac tamponade

20
Q

What abdominal injury presents with hematuria?

A

Kidney laceration

21
Q

How quickly do pulmonary contusions resolve?

A

Improved within 24 to 48 hours resolved in 7 to 10 days

22
Q

What does cardiac tamponade look like on chest x-ray and echo?

A

And enlarged cardiac silhouette in the heart appears black against green muscle

23
Q

What is the separation of the growth plate in the proximal femoral head?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

24
Q

What degree of burn reaches the bone and muscle?

A

Deep full thickness

25
Q

What chest trauma complication causes a collection of air in the plural space between the lung and chest wall?

A

Pneumothorax

26
Q

What are the five salter Harris fractures?

A

Across, above, below, through, crush

27
Q

What differentiates a superficial from a partial thickness burn?

A

Blisters on partial thickness

28
Q

One of the four degrees of burn damage?

A

Superficial, partial thickness, full thickness, deep full thickness

29
Q

What condition is an inflammatory condition that affects large joint spaces usually the hip?

A

Toxic or transient synovitis

30
Q

What abdominal organ injury presents with bruising of the flank or back?

A

Kidney laceration

31
Q

What emergent complication to chest trauma causes a acute buildup resulting in positive pressure in the chest cavity causing a shift in the mediastinum and impacts cardio respiratory functioning?

A

tension Pneumothorax

32
Q

What does a PVC look like on arterial line tracing?

A

Arterial waveform will show non-perfused PVC

33
Q

What is the management of a tension pneumothorax?

A

Decompression

34
Q

What complication of trauma results in hypertension, tactic cardiac, distention of neck pains, muscle heart sounds, pulses paradoxes?

A

Cardiac tamponade

35
Q

What is unique about full thickness burns?

A

Minimal or no pain

36
Q

When does a patient with a liver laceration no longer need to be on bed rest?

A

After AST and ALT are within normal limits

37
Q

What are the three characteristics of SCFE?

A

Sudden pain, limited internal rotation, obligated external rotation

38
Q

What diagnostic evaluation should be done after non accidental trauma?

A

Chest x-ray skeletal survey, retinol eye exam, CT scan brain imaging

39
Q

What is the treatment of septic arthritis?

A

IV antibiotics

40
Q

When are prophylactic antibiotics needed in the case of a splenectomy?

A

Children less than 4 years old and specific cases older than that

41
Q

It’s the most common bacteria in a fresh burn or graft?

A

Group a strep

42
Q

Is blood loss more impactful in the neonate or the teenager?

A

In the neonate as they have less to lose

43
Q

What is the most common abdominal injury in childhood?

A

Splenic laceration

44
Q

What are the three P’s of compartment syndrome?

A

Paralysis, pallor, pulselessness

45
Q

What is an infection of the synovial space of the joint?

A

Septic arthritis

46
Q

What is the level of venture abdominal pressure in abdominal compartments in your?

A

Greater than 20

47
Q

What are patients with pulmonary contisions at risk for developing?

A

ARDS

CPNP- AC (14 decks)

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