Exam 3: Cancer grading and expression profiling

Question 1

What is Tumor Grading?

Answer 1

When a pathologist assigns a grade to tumor tissue bass on observations that can be made by looking at the biopsy

Question 2

What is the TNM system for tumor Staging?

Answer 2

T = Tumor Size 
N = Lymph Nodes 
M = Metastasis

Question 3

What are the three questions involved in TNM?

Answer 3

How large is the tumor?
Has the tumor spread to the lymph nodes?
To what extent has it spread to other organs?

Question 4

What Is the significance of the Basal Lamina in Tumor Grading?

Answer 4

If the tumor has broken through the Basal membrane it is now considered malignant, meaning it has spread

Question 5

What are the lymph Nodes?

Answer 5

They play a special role in the immune system because B and T cells accumulate in this area

Question 6

What is the significance of Lymph Nodes in the grading of Tumors?

Answer 6

Invasive cancer cells often get caught in the drainage system thus accumulating in the lymph nodes.

Question 7

What is the Sentinel Node?

Answer 7

The Lymph Node closest to a cancer where the cancer cells will first be detected

Question 8

What is the importance of the Sentinel Node Biopsy?

Answer 8

Will give early indication of spread of cancer

Question 9

What are some diagnostic features used to define the stage of a tumor?

Answer 9

Tissue Organization, Tumor Boundary, Dividing Cell Index, Tissue Organization