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Health and Illness Concepts II Nursing: N2310 > Psychiatric/Mental Health (Exam Five) > Flashcards

Psychiatric/Mental Health (Exam Five) Flashcards

1
Q

A post-trauma response is also referred to as what?

A
  • Shell shock
  • Battle fatigue
  • Accident neurosis
  • Post-traumatic neurosis
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2
Q

How does the DSM-5 describe trauma that precedes PTSD?

A
  • Event directly experienced or witnessed

- Event outside the range of usual human experience

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3
Q

List the different types of trauma that may precede PTSD.

A
  • Rape
  • War
  • Physical attack
  • Torture
  • Natural disaster
  • Manmade disaster
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4
Q

PTSD is more common in ________ than in _________.

A

PTSD is more common in women than in men.

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5
Q

Adjustment disorders are most common in what type of individuals?

A
  • Women
  • Unmarried persons
  • Adolescents
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6
Q

An extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock and may have long-lasting psychological effects is referred to as what?

A

Trauma

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7
Q

Describe PTSD.

A

Multisymptom response triggered by an extremely traumatic event

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8
Q

List symptoms of PTSD.

A
  • Re-experiencing the traumatic event
  • Sustained high level of anxiety or arousal
  • General numbing of responsiveness
  • Intrusive recollections or nightmares
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9
Q

When may PTSD symptoms begin?

A

Within first 3 months after trauma

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10
Q

PTSD symptoms may be delayed several _________ or even _______.

A

PTSD symptoms may be delayed several months or even years.

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11
Q

Individuals who experience symptoms that last up to one month following a traumatic event are diagnosed with what disorder?

A

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

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12
Q

Following a traumatic event, if symptoms last longer than one month, a person is diagnosed with what disorder?

A

PTSD

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13
Q

Which trauma-related theory seeks to explain why some individuals exposed to massive trauma develop PTSD while others do not?

A

Psychosocial theory

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14
Q

List characteristic variables included in the psychosocial theory.

A
  • The traumatic experience
  • The individual
  • The recovery environment
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15
Q

Negative reinforcement leads to the reduction in an aversive experience thereby reinforcing and resulting in repetition of the behavior describes which trauma-related theory?

A

Learning theory

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16
Q

According to the learning theory, what types of behaviors or responses are mediated by negative reinforcement?

A
  • Avoidance behaviors

- Psychic numbing

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17
Q

Which theory model considers the cognitive appraisal of an event and focuses on the world assumptions an individual makes?

A

Cognitive theory

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18
Q

List the three fundamental beliefs people construct within a personal theory of reality.

A
  • The world if benevolent and a source of joy
  • The world is meaningful and controllable
  • The self if worthy
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19
Q

T/F: Studies have shown opioids administered shortly after exposure to a trauma reduced the incidence of PTSD.

A

True

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20
Q

A sustained maladaptive response to a traumatic overwhelming event is known as what?

A

Post-trauma syndrome

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21
Q

A disorder that occurs after death of a significant other in which the experience of distress accompanying bereavement fails to follow normative expectations and manifests in functional impairment is known as what?

A

Complicated grieving

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22
Q

A _____________ disorder is characterized by a maladaptive reaction to an identifiable stressor or stressors that results in the development of clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms.

A

Adjustment disorder

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23
Q

In an individual with an adjustment disorder, symptoms occur within ________ ________ of the stressor and last no longer than _______ _______.

A
  • Three months

- Six months

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24
Q

Which category of adjustment disorder is the most commonly diagnosed?

A

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood

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25
Q

List the signs and symptoms of adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood.

A
  • Depression
  • Feelings of hopelessness and sadness
  • Nervousness
  • Worry
  • Jitteriness
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26
Q

Truancy, vandalism, reckless driving, fighting, and defaulting on legal responsibilities are all examples of which adjustment disorder?

A

Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct

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27
Q

An individual may have physical complaints, withdraw from relationships, or exhibit impaired work or academic performance, but without significant disturbance in emotions or conduct if diagnosed with which adjustment disorder?

A

Adjustment disorder unspecified

28
Q

List the five stages of grief.

A
  • Denial
  • Anger
  • Bargaining
  • Depression
  • Acceptance
29
Q

Describe prolonged exposure (PE) therapy.

A

Individual is exposed to repeated and prolonged mental recounting of the traumatic experience

30
Q

List the four main parts of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy.

A
  • Education about treatment
  • Breathing retraining for relaxation
  • Imagined exposure through repeated discussion about the trauma
  • Exposure to real-world situations related to the trauma
31
Q

Describe the purpose of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.

A

Reprograms memories so they are no longer at the forefront of a persons brain

32
Q

List the eight phases of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.

A
  • History and treatment plan
  • Preparation
  • Assessment
  • Desensitization
  • Installation
  • Body scan
  • Closure
  • Reevaluation
33
Q

Which medications are considered to be first-line treatments for PTSD?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

34
Q

Give examples of SSRIs used to treat PTSD.

A
  • Paroxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Fluoxetine
  • Venlafaxine
35
Q

Which specific MAOI has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of PTSD?

A

Phenelzine

36
Q

List interpersonal factors that might influence an individuals ability to adjust to a painful life change.

A
  • Social skills
  • Coping strategies
  • Presence of psychiatric illness
  • Degree of flexibility
  • Level of intelligence
37
Q

List the signs and symptoms associated with adjustment disorder with depressed mood.

A
  • Depressed mood
  • Tearfulness
  • Feelings of hopelessness
38
Q

What is the most common treatment used for adjustment disorder?

A

Psychotherapy

39
Q

Limited developmental maturity predisposes individuals for what disorder?

A

Adjustment disorder

40
Q

Where is the appetite regulation center located within the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

Eating behaviors are influenced by what two factors?

A
  • Society

- Culture

42
Q

Which eating disorder is characterized by morbid fear of obesity?

A

Anorexia nervosa

43
Q

In anorexia nervosa, weight loss is excessive, with some individuals who present for health-care services weighing less than ______ of expected weight.

A

85%

44
Q

List the signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

A
  • Gross distortion of body image
  • Preoccupation with food
  • Refusal to eat
  • Hypothermia
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Amenorrhea
  • Edema
  • Lanugo
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
45
Q

What other types of behaviors will individuals with anorexia nervosa often display?

A

Obsessive or compulsive behaviors

46
Q 
Which is characteristic of the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? 
A. Obsession with weight gain 
B. Body image disturbance 
C. Disregard for the feelings of others 
D. Healthy family relationships
A

B. Body image disturbance

47
Q

An episodic, uncontrolled, compulsive, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short period of time is known as what?

A

Bulimia nervosa

48
Q

Individuals with bulimia nervosa will seek out what types of food?

A
  • High calorie
  • Sweet taste
  • Soft/smooth texture
49
Q

Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to find in clients diagnosed with bulimia?
A. They are below normal weight
B. They binge when they experience hunger
C. They will be highly motivated to seek help
D. They are within their normal weight range

A

D. They are within their normal weight range

50
Q

Which eating disorder is mostly likely to lead to obesity?

A

Binge-eating disorder (BED)

51
Q

What is the primary difference between anorexia and bulimia nervosa when compared to binge-eating disorder?

A
  • Individuals with anorexia and bulimia have obsessive control over their eating
  • Individuals with binge-eating disorder do not feel they have control over their eating
52
Q

Anorexia nervosa is more common in which population(s)?

A
  • Sisters with the disorder

- Mothers with the disorder

53
Q

Bulimia nervosa may be associated with which neurotransmitters?

A
  • Serotonin

- Norepinephrine

54
Q

What is the equation used to calculate BMI?

A

Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2

55
Q

What is the BMI range for normal weight?

A

18.5 - 24.9

56
Q

What BMI range is considered overweight?

A

25.0 - 29.9

57
Q

What BMI range is considered obese?

A

30 or greater

58
Q

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a BMI of ____ or lower, or less than ____ in extreme cases.

A

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a BMI of 17 or lower, or less than 15 in extreme cases.

59
Q

A client is 5′8″ tall and weighs 105 pounds. The client has been taking laxatives daily and self-induces vomiting after eating. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
A. Ineffective denial
B. Disturbed body image
C. Low self-esteem
D. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements

A

D. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements

60
Q

Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient’s potassium level is below _____.

A

3.0

61
Q

Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient’s phosphate level is below _____.

A

3.0

62
Q

Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient’s magnesium level is below _____.

A

1.4

63
Q

Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient’s calcium level is below _____.

A

7.0

64
Q

What type of changes will occur during cardiac dysrhythmias in which hospitalization may be required?

A
  • ST segment changes

- T wave changes

65
Q

What is the immediate aim of treatment in eating disorders?

A

Restore the patient’s nutritional status

Health and Illness Concepts II Nursing: N2310 (10 decks)

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