B6.3 Digestion

Question 1

Identify the 4 types of human teeth

Answer 1

Incisors, canines, molars and premolars

Question 2

What are incisors used for?

Answer 2

biting and cutting

Question 3

What are canines used for?

Answer 3

tearing, holding and biting

Question 4

What are premolars used for?

Answer 4

Chewing and grinding

Question 5

What are molars used for?

Answer 5

Chewing

Question 6

Where are incisors located?

Answer 6

The front of the mouth

Question 7

List the 5 structures of human teeth

Answer 7

Enamel, dentine, pulp, nerves and cement

Question 8

How are premolars shaped?

Answer 8

Large, flat surface

Question 9

How are molars shaped?

Answer 9

Large, flat surface

Question 10

How are canines shaped?

Answer 10

Pointy

Question 11

How can you prevent cavities?

Answer 11

Brush your teeth regularly to help remove any build-up of plaque, and also any bits of food stuck between the teeth or at the edge of the gum

Question 12

What benefits does toothpaste have?

Answer 12

• It is alkaline so it neutralizes acids near the teeth
• It contains antibacterial substances such as mint
• It usually contains a mild abrasive that helps to remove plaque
• It may contain fluoride, which helps to strengthen enamel and reduce acidic damage

Question 13

State the function of amylase

Answer 13

Breaks down starch to simple sugars

Question 14

State the function of protease

Answer 14

Breaks down protein to amino acids

Question 15

State the function of lipase

Answer 15

Breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

Where is amylase produced/secreted?

Answer 16

Salivary glands (mouth) and pancreas

Question 17

Where is protease produced/secreted?

Answer 17

Stomach wall and pancreas

Question 18

Where is lipase produced/secreted?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

Causes of dental decay

Answer 19

Food particles get stuck on the crevices of the teeth and bacteria grow on them, forming plaque.
Acids erode the tooth enamel and expose the softer dentine underneath. This can cause pain when the nerves in the pulp cavity are affected by acid, heat or cold.

Question 20

What is the function of bile?

Answer 20

Emulsifies fats and neutralises acidic food mixtures entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action

Question 21

Where is bile stored?

Answer 21

Gall bladder

Question 22

Why does bile emulsify fats?

Answer 22

To increase the surface area for chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase

Question 23

Is bile acidic or alkaline?

Answer 23

Highly alkaline

Question 24

State the role of villi

Answer 24

To increase the surface area in the small intestine –> to increase the rate of transport of food molecules

Question 25

State the function of villi

Answer 25

absorption of (digested) nutrients into the blood ;

Question 26

Describe the structure of a villus.

Answer 26

lacteal / lymph vessel / lymphatic vessel ;
capillaries / blood vessel ;
epithelium ;
microvilli ;
large surface area ;
AVP ; e.g. epithelium contains goblet cells