Biology 🍃 | Enzymes | 5

Question 1

What biological molecule are enzymes?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

What are enzymes?

Answer 2

Proteins which act as biological catalysts, speeding up reaction in organisms without being used up.

Question 3

The reactions enzymes speed up can _ or _

Answer 3

Reactions can break things down, or build new molecules

Question 4

How much faster do enzymes make reactions?

Answer 4

At least 1 million x faster.

Question 5

Enzymes will only bind to _

Answer 5

A particular substrate.

Question 6

To speed up reactions, what do enzymes lower?

Answer 6

The activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 7

How do enzymes lower the activation energy?

Answer 7

Normally, atoms move around randomly. Enzymes brings them together, breaks them down, and brings them to the right orientation to increase the chances of reaction taking place.

Question 8

What are the kinds of enzymes?

Answer 8

Carbohydrases, Proteases, Lipase, Catalase, Lysosymes

Question 9

What are examples of Carbohydrases?

Answer 9

Amylase, sucrase, and maltase

Question 10

What are examples of proteases?

Answer 10

Pepsin and trypsin

Question 11

What processes are controlled by enzymes?

Answer 11

• Respiration
• Formation and breakdown of biological molecules
• Formation of blood clots
• DNA replication
• Cell division and differentiation

Question 12

Why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

Answer 12

Enzymes are called biological catalysts because they are made in living organisms.

Question 13

What is the substrate?

Answer 13

The substance on which the enzyme acts

Question 14

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 14

The part of an enzyme molecule which its substrate fits into to be made into products

Question 15

What is the Enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 15

Temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate.

Question 16

What is the product in the topic of enzymes?

Answer 16

The substance formed in an enzyme-controlled reaction

Question 17

For a product to be formed in an enzyme reaction, the substrate has to be _

Answer 17

For a product to be formed in an enzyme reaction, the substrate has to be a perfect fit. the enzyme is like a lock and the substrate is like a key.

Question 18

The enzyme changes the substrate into _

Answer 18

The enzyme changes the substrate into new products.

Question 19

How do we measure the speed of a reaction with enzymes?

Answer 19

We see how quickly the substrate is used up, or how long it takes for the product to be made.

Question 20

What factors influence enzyme activity?

Answer 20

pH and temperature.

Question 21

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Answer 21

As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases. Molecules will be more likely to collide with each other and react. This means that all reactions increase in speed as the temperature increases.

Question 22

What happens to enzyme reactions at too high of a temperature?

Answer 22

At very high temperatures, the bonds holding an enzyme together will be disrupted, and the shape of the enzyme (and its active site) will change. This will make it less effective at catalyzing reactions.

Question 23

What is it called when the bonds of proteins change structure?

Answer 23

Denaturing.

Question 24

At what temperature does the activity of enzymes start to reduce?

Answer 24

Past 40 degrees celcius.

Question 25

What is the pH of a solution?

Answer 25

How acidic a solution is.

Question 26

How can the pH level affect enzymes?

Answer 26

The pH of a solution can affect the shape of a protein by changing the charge, making the active site less compatible with the substrate.
If the pH is too far away from the optimum, the enzyme may become denatured.

Question 27

At what pH level does pepsin work best at and why?

Answer 27

Around pH 2 because it is found in the stomach, where there is hydrochloric acid that has low pH.

Question 28

At what pH level does amylase work best at and why?

Answer 28

Around pH 7.5 as it is found in the mouth

Question 29

At what pH level does lipase work best at and why?

Answer 29

pH 9.5 as it is in the small intestine.

Question 30

Once an enzyme is denatured, what happens to the shape?

Answer 30

It permanently changes and the substrate cannot it into the active site.

Question 31

At what temperature do enzymes work best?

Answer 31

Around 37 degrees celcius.