Diseases and immunity

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

any organisms that cause diseases

bacteria, fungi, protoctists

Question 2

Transmissible disease

Answer 2

a disease in which a pathogen can be passed from one host to another

Question 3

methods of transmission

Answer 3

• direct contact through body fluids (i.e. blood)

- indirect contact (air, food etc)

Question 4

Defense against pathogens - Mechanical barriers

Answer 4

Physically block pathogens from entering the body

- skin, mucus membrane, fluids like urine/tears

Question 5

Defense against pathogens - chemical barrier

Answer 5

Substances that trap & kill pathogens on body surfaces

• mucous membranes (lining of your gut/lungs)
• stomach acid

Question 6

Immune system

Answer 6

detects and destroys pathogens after it`s gained entry to the body

Question 7

Function of white blood cells

Answer 7

• phagocytosis
  (white blood cells/phagocytes engulfs and destroys pathogens)
• produces antibodies
  (proteins which attach to pathogens and so mark them for destruction)

Question 8

What does a vaccine do

Answer 8

injecting someone with a harmless version of a pathogen or its antigens, primes the immune system so that it can mount a rapid and large response to a pathogen entering the body

Question 9

Antigens *

Answer 9

a substance that induces an immune response

Question 10

Antibodies *

Answer 10

proteins produced by lymphocytes (type of white blood cell)

Question 11

Once the antibody is attached to an antigen it can:

Answer 11

• mark the pathogen for phagocytosis

- cause the pathogen to break open and die

Question 12

Memory cells *

Answer 12

*

Question 13

Vaccines *

Answer 13

*

Question 14

Antibodies *

Answer 14

*