Chapter 2 : Radiation Physics

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

When matter is altered _____ results

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

The parts the atom consists of

Answer 3

Central nucleus

Orbitting electrons

Question 4

what is nucleous composed of

Answer 4

Protons and neutrons

Question 5

electrons

Answer 5

Tiny, negativle charged particles that have very little mass

Question 6

how much does an electron weigh?

Answer 6

1/1800 as much as a proton or neutron

Question 7

charge of an electron

Answer 7

negative

Question 8

charge of a neutron

Answer 8

neutral

Question 9

charge of a proton

Answer 9

positive

Question 10

how many shells does an atom have?

Answer 10

seven

Question 11

Letters of the shell

Answer 11

K L M N O P Q

Question 12

which letter is closest to the nucleus and has the highest energy level?

Answer 12

K

Question 13

How are electrons maintained in their orbits?

Answer 13

electrostatic force

Question 14

attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons

Answer 14

Binding energy

Question 15

when atoms combine with each other they are called

Answer 15

molecules

Question 16

how are molecules formed?

Answer 16

1. transfer of electrons

2. sharing of electrons between the outer most shells of atoms.

Question 17

neutral atom

Answer 17

an equal number of protons and electrons

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced

Question 19

Ionization

Answer 19

the process of converting an atom in ions

Question 20

ion pair

Answer 20

when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process and pairs and reacts with other ions

Question 21

Radiation

Answer 21

emission and propagation of energy through space ;

a substance in the form of waves or particles

Question 22

Radioactivity

Answer 22

unstable atoms or elements that undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state

Question 23

Ionizing radiation

Answer 23

Removing or adding an electron from an atom.

Question 24

Particulate radiation

Answer 24

tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines and high speeds.

Question 25

The four types of particulate radiation

Answer 25

-Alpha particles

• Electron
• Beta particle
• Cathode rays
• Protons
• Neutrons

Question 26

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 26

propagation of wavelike energy without mass

Question 27

Electromagnetic radiations are ___ made or occur _____

Answer 27

Man made

naturally

Question 28

Particle concept

Answer 28

photons

quanta

Question 29

velocity

Answer 29

speed of the wave

Question 30

wavelength

Answer 30

the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next

Question 31

measurement of wavelenghts

Answer 31

nanometres

Question 32

frequency

Answer 32

the number of wavelenghts that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

Question 33

The shorter the wavelength the the ______ frequency will be

Answer 33

higher

Question 34

low frequency electromagnetic radiations have _______ wavelength and less energy

Answer 34

long

Question 35

High frequency electromagnetic radiations have ________ wavelength and more energy

Answer 35

short

Question 36

wavelength of xrays used in dentisry

Answer 36

0.1 nm

Question 37

“lazy” wavelength

Answer 37

long wavelength

Question 38

“strong” wavelength

Answer 38

Short wavelength

Question 39

weightless bundles of energy (photons) without an electrical charge that travel in waves with a specific frequency at the speed of light

Answer 39

X-rays

Question 40

Path of travel for x-rays

Answer 40

straight lines; can be deflected or scattered

Question 41

effect on xrays on living tissues

Answer 41

can cause biologic changes