CHAPTER 24: IMAGING OF PATIENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Question 1

refers to the strong, involuntary effort to vomit.

Answer 1

GAGGING

Question 2

also called the pharyngeal reflex

Answer 2

GAG REFLEX

Question 3

The areas that are most likely to elicit the gag reflex when stimulated INCLUDE :

Answer 3

THE SOFT PALATE And POSTERIOR LATERAL OF THE TONGUE

Question 4

Before the gag reflex is initiated, the following two reactions occur:

Answer 4

• Cessation of respiration

* Contraction of the muscles in the throat and abdomen

Question 5

A person can gag and breathe at the same time. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

Precipitating factors for the initiation of the gag reflex include:

Answer 6

psychogenic stimuli (stimuli originating in the mind)

tactile stimuli (stimuli originating from touch).

Question 7

To prevent the gag reflex, the dental radiographer must convey a confident attitude.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

. In the patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex, every effort should be made to limit the amount of time that a _____ remains in the mouth.

Answer 8

receptor

Question 9

Of all receptor placements, which is most likely to elicit the gag reflex?

Answer 9

maxillary molar receptor

Question 10

In such patients where intraoral images are impossible to obtain, what should you do ?

Answer 10

Instead, the dental radiographer must expose an extraoral image such as extraoral bite-wings or panoramic projection to obtain diagnostic information.

Question 11

defined as a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.”

Answer 11

disability

Question 12

A person with this disability may have problems with vision, hearing, or mobility.

Answer 12

physical disabilty

Question 13

“a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration.”

Answer 13

developmental disability

Question 14

It is important that the dental radiographer recognize situations in which the patient cannot tolerate intraoral exposures. In such cases, ____________should be exposed;

Answer 14

NO intraoral exposures

Question 15

When treating pediatric patients, the dental radiographer must be aware of the following:

Answer 15

• Tooth eruption sequences
• Prescribing of dental images
• Recommended techniques
• Types of examinations• Digital sensor issues
• Patient and equipment preparations
• Patient management

Question 16

how many teeth does a pediatric patient have

Answer 16

20 primary teeth

10 max
10 mand

Question 17

at what age does a mixed dentition occur

Answer 17

6-12 years

Question 18

how many third molars are erupted by the age of 21

Answer 18

4

Question 19

by the age of 13 how many teeth do most adolescents have ?

Answer 19

28 permanent teeth

Question 20

An imaging examination that includes all of the tooth-bearing areas is recommended at the early ____________ stage

Answer 20

mixed dentition

Question 21

In the pediatric patient, bite-wing images are needed whenever evidence of __________ is suspected.

Answer 21

CARIES

Question 22

In the absence of caries, bite-wing images are usually prescribed every_________ months with primary tooth contact, or every ___ months with permanent tooth contact.

Answer 22

12-18

24

Question 23

In children with primary or transitional dentition, the __________ technique is preferred because the small size of the mouth precludes the placement of a receptor beyond the apical regions of teeth.

Answer 23

bisecting

Question 24

the branch of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp

Answer 24

endodontics

Question 25

this treatment usually involves removal of the dental pulp (nerve tissue) from the pulp chamber and canals within the tooth, then filling the empty pulp chamber and canals with a material such as gutta percha or silver points

Answer 25

endodontic treatment

Question 26

one who has undergone root canal therapy.

Answer 26

endodontic patient

Question 27

Equipment used during a root canal procedure includes

Answer 27

a rubber dam,

rubber dam clamp,

root canal instruments

(files, reamers, broaches), and filling materials (gutta percha and silver points).

Question 28

this beam alignment device can be used as an aid in positioning the receptor during a root canal procedure; this holder fits around a rubber dam clamp and allows space for root canal instruments and filling materials to protrude from the tooth

Answer 28

endoray beam alignment device

Question 29

To avoid distortion, the _______ technique should be used whenever possible;

Answer 29

parallelling

Question 30

The dental imaging examination of the edentulous patient may include the following projections:

Answer 30

panoramic

periapical

combination of occlusal and periapical images

Question 31

a _______ image is a common way of examining the edentulous jaw

Answer 31

panoramic

Question 32

If a panoramic x-ray machine is not available,___ periapical projections (__ anterior and __ posterior) can be used to examine the edentulous arches

Answer 32

14

6 ant.
8 post.

Question 33

The combined occlusal and periapical examination consists of a total of __ exposures

Answer 33

6

Question 34

Imaging is used in the edentulous patient to detect

Answer 34

lesions

root tips

impacted teeth

objects embedded in bone