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DDS > 3.2 > Flashcards

3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sucrose general importance of viscosity in oral liquids include..

A
  1. taste-masking (slows diffusion)
  2. Soothing irritated tissues (for antitussive (cough)-viscous soothing)
  3. stability of dispersed systems (e.g. suspension)
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2
Q

Sucrose substitutes for syrup are classified as glycogenetic or nonglycogenetic, glycogenetic include…

A

dextrose, sorbitol, glycerin/glycerol

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3
Q

Sucrose substitutes for syrup are classified as glycogenetic or nonglycogenetic, nonglycogenetic include…

A

methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

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4
Q

Sucrose substitutes for syrup are classified as glycogenetic or nonglycogenetic, glycogenetic is pertaining to the ….

A

formation of glycogen

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5
Q

The sucrose substitute better preferred for diabetic patients are (glycogenetic or non-glycogenetic)

A

non-glycogenetic

avoid increasing glucose levels

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6
Q

Methycellulose is mainly for a suspending agent by (increasing or decreasing) viscosity

A

increasing

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7
Q

Cellulose derivates are large macromolecules that are …

A

not sweet, not absorbed, and increase viscosity

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8
Q

Insufficient free water in simple syrup NF is self-preserving because …

A

little free water for microbial growth

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9
Q

Simple syrup NF is made with 85 w/v% sucrose solution with purified water, and has very little…

A

free water

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10
Q

Cellulose derivatives such as HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) is included as a ____ enhancement

A

viscosity

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11
Q

EDTA (edetate disodium) is a good ____, and product/drug with EDTA tells you they might have a problem with oxidation.

A

chelator

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12
Q

Main advantage of elixir over syrups is its _____ ability

A

solubility

used to solubilize water/alcohol soluble ingredients

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13
Q

Main disadvantage of elixir over syrup is its ______ ability

A

less taste-masking

usually have less sugar bc alcohol cause precipitation of the sugar

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14
Q

There is less sugar content in elixirs because alcohol…

A

limits sugar dissolution (precipitates sugar)

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15
Q

Suspensions is a dispersed phase system where the dispersed (_____) phase is suspended in a continuous (external) phase.

A

internal

i.e. heterogenous system

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16
Q

Colloidal dispersions are very small with the particle size of less than…

A

one micron (1um)

suspensions are greater than one micron

17
Q

_____ are liquid particles greater than one micron in an immiscible liquid

A

emulsion

18
Q

Suspensions have the same general advantages as solution, but other advantages they have over solutions are…

A

greater chemical stability , greater palatability

most in solid state

19
Q

Advantage of suspension over solids is that it has ….

A

faster onset since drug is already disintegrated, bypass drug dissolution and particle wetting

20
Q

Disadvantage of suspension is …

A
  1. less chemical stability than solids
  2. medium for microbial growth
  3. bulkiness of transport
  4. Less physical stability than solutions
  5. potential dosing inaccuracies
21
Q

Suspension production: The solid drug is _____ to a fine powder, then wetted, then suspended in a suitable vehicle.

A

comminution

process of particle size reduction

22
Q

Consideration of suspension stability is …

A

Physical– maintain particle suspendability (uniform distribution of particles)

23
Q

Three important issues to consider when producing suspensions…

A
  1. Particle size
  2. Particle wetting
  3. Physical stability
24
Q

Smaller the particle (1 to 50 microns) size the (slower or faster) it settles

A

slower

25
Q

_____ is a industrial method that evaporates to fine particles, drug is dissolved in a solvent, solution is sent into heated chamber as a fine spray

A

Spray drying

Evaporates to fine particles!

26
Q

_____ is a industrial method where particles are pulverized into smaller particles.

A

Micropulverization (10 - 50 microns)

27
Q

_____ is a industrial method that break apart particles by colliding them against each other in a high pressure airstream.

A

Jet-milling (less than 10 microns)

28
Q

Spatulation…

A

process of mixing something by use of a spatula

29
Q

Trituration…

A

reducing particle size by rubbing in a mortar

30
Q

Not easily wetted because the particle is ______

A

hydrophobic or because of air pockets on surface

31
Q

Wetting agents makes the particles more (hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

A

hydrophilic (wetting agents can help by displacing air pockets from the particles)

32
Q

Stoke’s equation describes the

A

speed of particle settling

33
Q

As particles become smaller, total interfacial surface area in the system increases, and as a consequence, so does _____, which means it decrease thermodynamic stability.

A

interfacial free energy

34
Q

Utility of Stoke’s equation the dispersion medium viscosity…

A

increase viscosity reduces settling rate

35
Q

Thermodynamic of aggregation: System will tend towards the most thermodynamically stable state by (decreasing or increase) exposed surface area.

A

decreasing

36
Q

Utility of Stoke’s equation the particle density…

A

denser particles fall faster

37
Q

Utility of Stoke’s equation the particle size…

A

bigger size, faster it falls

38
Q

Utility of Stoke’s equation the parameter…

A

effects of an increase on sedimentation rate

39
Q

A suspension can be irreversibly altered by three main types of physical instability…

A
  1. particle settling
  2. particle aggregation
  3. particle growth

DDS (29 decks)

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