Module 7-8, Quantitative Methods

Question 1

Rachel is a social worker conducting a study on the eating

habits of adults experiencing depression. Which is an example of a directional hypothesis

Answer 1

An individual suffering from depression will consume

significantly more food than an individual who is not depressed.

Question 2

In experimental studies, the independent variable:

Answer 2

Impacts the dependent variable

Question 3

What is an example of a BC single-subject design?

Answer 3

Two different interventions in a subject design-
i.e. Marcus goes to an intervention for 6 weeks then tries a
completely new intervention for the next 7 weeks

Question 4

Which choice below shows elements of a good research

hypothesis?

Answer 4

Relevant, complete, specific, potential for testing

Question 5

External validity refers to:

Answer 5

The extent to which a causal relationship found in a study can be
generalized beyond the study conditions

Question 6

What are the differences in steps for qualitative and quantitative research?

Answer 6

1. Problem identification
2. Question formulation
3. Conducting research
   ● Designing the research study
   ● Collecting data
   ● Analyzing and interpreting the data
4. Presenting and disseminating the findings

Question 7

What are the differences between single-subject and group designs?

Answer 7

Single-subject is used to improve a SINGLE unit (one client, family, organization, community)
Group designs use usually two groups to
address problems i.e. experimental designs

Question 8

What are the legends in single-subject designs

Answer 8

A-baseline data
B-intervention
B1- variation of intervention
C/D/E- other interventions

Question 9

What are single subject Exploratory research designs?

Answer 9

A design, B design, BB1 design, BC design

Question 10

What are Descriptive research designs?

Answer 10

AB design, ABC and ABCD designs

Question 11

What are Explanatory research designs?

Answer 11

multiple-baseline & reversal designs- testing baseline multiple times (ABA, ABAB, BAB, BCBC).

Question 12

What is the posttest

Answer 12

Test after intervention

Question 13

Cross-sectional survey?

Answer 13

No experiment done. A suvey for ONE Time

Question 14

Longitudinal survey?

Answer 14

Long and multiple times

Question 15

What is comparison group pretest-posttest?

Answer 15

two groups, comparing, pre- and post intervention

Question 16

Randomized posttest only control group design

Answer 16

random participants selected

Question 17

What is the difference between single subject, one group, and two group?

Answer 17

Single subject- one particular group in a point of time- i.e. 2021 Carleton group
One group- one larger group, could be overtime i.e. Carleton students over the years
Two group- two larger groups, i.e. Carleton and York

Question 18

Why do you sometimes not collect baseline data?

Answer 18

Some research arenas or questions do not need baseline data- already known, sometimes not required to measure

Question 19

What are the two types of data analysis?

Answer 19

Descriptive: ie. measures of central, tendency, measures of deviation
Inferential: levels of significant, measures of association- strength and direction of relationship,

Question 20

Two types of sampling method?

Answer 20

Probability and non-probability

Question 21

Data collection method?

Answer 21

• secondary analysis,
• observation
• survey
• experiments

Question 22

Common research design characteristics for single-subject:

Answer 22

● More practice-oriented
● Unit of analysis: One individual or one client system
● Exploratory: A, B, BB1
● Descriptive: AB, ABCD
● Explanatory: ABA, ABAB, BAB

Question 23

Common research design characteristics for Group designs:

Answer 23

● Unit of analysis: One group or multiple groups (usually two)
● Explanatory: Experimental design
● Descriptive: Quasi-experimental
● Exploratory: Pre-experimental or nonexperimental

Question 24

How are explanatory and descriptive group research designs different?

Answer 24

Explanatory: Experimental design.
Descriptive: Quasi-experimental

Question 25

How are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive single-subject designs different?

Answer 25

Explanatory measure baselines at different times, whereas exploratory and descriptive only measure baseline data once