Acylation Flashcards
How do you name acyl chlorides?
They have a functional group of COCl and their names end in -oyl chloride.
How do acyl chlorides lose their chlorine:
Acyl chlorides react with:
Water; a vigorous reaction with cold water producing a carboxylic acid.
Alcohols; a vigorous reaction at room temperature producing an ester.
Ammonia; a violent reaction at room temperature producing an amide.
Primary amines; a violent reaction at room temperature, producing an N-substituted amide.
How do you name acid anhydrides and what is there equations?
An acid anhydride is made from two identical carboxylic acids. Instead of ‘acid’ replace with ‘anhydride’.
(CH3CO)2O (l) + CH3OH (aq) ——> CH3COOCH3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq)
(ethanoic anhydride + methanol ——> methyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid).
What are the industrial advantages of ethanoic anhydride over ethanol chloride in the manufacture of aspirin?
Aspirin is an ester made by reacting salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride or ethanol chloride. Ethanoic anhydride is cheaper than ethanoyl chloride, it’s safer to use than ethanoyl chloride because it is less corrosive and reacts more slowly with water whilst not producing dangerous hydrogen chloride fumes.
