Brain Anatomy

Question 1

What does anterior/rostral refer to?

Answer 1

the head end of the body and the front of the brain

Question 2

What does posterior/caudal refer to?

Answer 2

Feet end of the body and back of the brain

Question 3

What is the ventral side?

Answer 3

Front (belly side) of the body, bottom of the brain

Question 4

What side is the dorsal side?

Answer 4

Toward the back, top of the brain

Question 5

What does medial mean?

Answer 5

Toward the midline of the body

Question 6

What does ipsilateral mean?

Answer 6

On the same side of the body

Question 7

What does contralateral mean?

Answer 7

On the opposite side of the body

Question 8

What does bilateral mean?

Answer 8

Both sides of the body

Question 9

What are the possible planes of section?

Answer 9

Midsagittal, horizontal, coronal

Question 10

What is a track?

Answer 10

Group of axons traveling together in the CNS

Question 11

What is a nerve?

Answer 11

Group of axons in the PNS

Question 12

What is a ganglion?

Answer 12

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 13

What is a nucleus?

Answer 13

Group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Question 14

What are the layers of meninges?

Answer 14

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 15

What is CSF? Where is it found?

Answer 15

Cerebrospinal fluid; found in the subarachnoid space

Question 16

What is found in the hindbrain?

Answer 16

Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum

Question 17

What is the function of the medulla?

Answer 17

Crucial for vital functions (heart rate, breathing, etc..)

Question 18

What does the pons do?

Answer 18

Associated with hearing, vestibular, taste functions, sleep, and arousal

Question 19

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

Involved in fine motor control

Question 20

What is found in the midbrain?

Answer 20

Inferior colliculus, Superior Colliculus, and substantia Nigra

Question 21

What is found in the forebrain/Diencephalon?

Answer 21

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

Question 22

What does the thalamus do? Where is it found?

Answer 22

Dorsal part of diencephalon; relays most types of sensory information

Question 23

What does the hypothalamus do? Where is it found?

Answer 23

ventral part of the diencephalon; controls autonomic nervous system, controls motivated behaviors, and endocrine systems from pituitary gland

Question 24

What is part of the Forebrain/Telencephalon? What is its function? What is made of?

Answer 24

Basal Ganglia: Mediates motor, learning, and “reward” functions; Caudate Putamen, Global Pallidus, Nucleus Accumbens

Question 25

What is the Limbic System? Where is it found?

Answer 25

Telencephalon; mediates emotions, memory, and social behaviors

Question 26

What are the different fissures? What do they seperate?

Answer 26

Longitudinal fissure: separates 2 hemispheres
Central Fissure: separates frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral fissure: separates temporal from other lobes

Question 27

What are the craniel nerves? What are their functions?

Answer 27

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1. olfactory nerve: smell
2. optic nerve: vision
3. Oculomotor nerve: eye movement
4. Trochlear Nerve: eye movement
5. Trigeminal Nerve: Jaw muscles, facial touch, pain
6. Abducens Nerve: Eye movement
7. Facial nerve: facial movement & sensation
8. Vestibulochlear Nerve: hearing, balance
9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste & throat
10. Vagus nerve: internal organs
11. Accessory Spinal nerve: neck
12. Hypoglossal nerve: tongue movement