Oncogenes (FS Week 8) Flashcards
What is a proto-oncogene
genes involved in normal cell growth and/or division and differentiation
what is an oncogene
a mutated pro-oncogene which has the potential to cause the growth of cancer cells
What are the 2 main types of conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
- mutation which results in a different oncoprotein to the normal protein
- oncoproteins have an increased expression level
What are the 3 steps of oncogene activation
- point mutation
- gene amplification
- chromosomal translocation
Name 4 different types of oncogenes
- HER2
- KRAS
- BCR-ABL1
- c-myc
What is the drug that targets HER2 oncogene
- trastuzumab
- pertuzumab
what family does HER2 oncogene belong to
receptor tyrosine kinase
What cancer is HER2 most commonly associated with
breast cancer
What family doe KRAS oncogene belong to
GTPase
What do ras proteins do
they control the transcription of genes which regulate cell growth
What cancer is KRAS most associated with
- gastrointestinal cancer
- pancreatic
- lung
What family is BCR-ABL1 apart of
cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase
What cancer is BCR-ABL1 most associated with
chronic myeloid leukemia
What is the philadelphia chromosome in relation to the BCR-ABL1 oncogene
a mutated chromosome - translocation occurs involving chromosome 9 and 22. the break point of translocation create a fusion of 2 genes
ABL1 on chromosome 9
BCR on chromosome 22
BCR-ABL1 upregulates tyrosine kinase activity, what does this cause
- proliferation of progenitor cells in the absence of GFs
- decreased apoptosis
- decreased adhesion to bone marrow stroma
