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Britain 1625-1701 > The Quest For Political Stability 1625-88 > Flashcards

The Quest For Political Stability 1625-88 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Parliament did Charles call between 1625-29

A

Between 1625-29 Charles called 3 parliments

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2
Q

Why did Charles call 3 parliments

A

Charles called 3 parliaments in order to secure financial gain for foreign policy

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3
Q

What does calling three parliments in such a short time period indicate

A

Calling 3 parliments in a short space of time indicates a deteriorating relationship between Charles and Parliament

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4
Q

Why did trust break down between Charles and Parliament

A

Trust broke down over the inter related issues of religion, finance, foreign policy and problems of government

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5
Q

How did Charles alienate the political class

A

Charles open support for Arminianism alienated the political class

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6
Q

Who was part of the political class

A

Those who had economic, social and political influence

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7
Q

Why didn’t people like Arminianism

A

Many viewed Arminianism as being dangerously close to Catholicism

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8
Q

How did Charles show his support for Arminianism

A

Promoting Richard Montagu to Royal Chaplain (1625)
Allowing Duke of Buckingham to state his favour for Arminianism at the York House conference (1626)
Making William Laud the Bishop of London (1628)

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9
Q

Why was Charles foreign policy a disaster

A

1625 raid on Cadiz was a disaster

Defeated at La Rochelle while helping Protestant French Huguenots 1627

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10
Q

Who did Parliament blame foreign policy failure on

A

Duke of Buckingham

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11
Q

What did Parliament want to do to Buckingham after foreign policy failure

A

Parliament wanted to impeach Buckingham but Charles refused

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12
Q

When was Buckingham assassinated

A

Buckingham was assassinated in 1628

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13
Q

What finance did Parliament agree to in 1625

A

In 1625 Parliament agreed to two subsidies amounting to £140,000

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14
Q

Why was Charles disappointed with the £140,000 given to him by Parliament

A

Because it fell short of his desired £1 million

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15
Q

How much is one subsidy worth

A

£70,000

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16
Q

Why did Charles dissolve Parliament in 1626

A

Parliament refused to grant him more funds

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17
Q

How did Charles raise finance

A

Charles levied a forced loan worth five subsidies

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18
Q

What did the forced loan cause among the people of England

A

It causes a significant amount of resentment

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19
Q

What happened to the five knights who refused to pay the forced loan

A

Five knights refused to pay were imprisoned and refused bail

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20
Q

What was the five knights case a sign of

A

Clear indication of Charles absolute intentions

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21
Q

What did Charles policies in finance, foreign policy and religion cause many MPs to state

A

Led many MPs to assert that the king acted illegally

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22
Q

When did Charles call his third Parliament

A

Charles called his third Parliament in 1628

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23
Q

What did Charles demand after calling the third Parliament

A

Demanded immediate granting of taxes to continue wars

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24
Q

What did the MPs of the third Parliament decide to do after Charles demands

A

Decided that no money would be granted unless Charles agreed to the petition of right

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25
Q

What did the petition of right state

A

No taxation without Parliament consent
No imprisonment without cause shown
No billeting of soldiers or sailors upon households against their will
No martial law to punish soldiers of ordinary crimes

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26
Q

When did the King accept the petition of right

A

7 June 1628

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27
Q

Why was the King’s first signing of the petition of right illegitimate

A

Because his written reply did not use tradition use of words

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28
Q

What did the king signing the petition of right untraditional make it

A

It denied it lawful status

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29
Q

What did Charles reaction to the petition of right force MPs to do

A

Forced MPs to make a more direct statement with the Three Resolutions

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30
Q

When did the MPs give Charles the Three Resolutions

A

2 March 1629

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31
Q

What did the Three Resolutions state

A

Denounced Arminianism

Encouraged merchants to refuse to pay tonnage and poundage

32
Q

When did Charles dissolve the third Parliament

A

10 March 1629

33
Q

What did the dissolution of the third Parliament start

A

Started a period of personal rule

34
Q

How long did personal rule last

A

Personal rule lasted 11 years

35
Q

What was Personal Rule

A

Personal Rule was a period of 11 years when Charles I governed without Parliament

36
Q

Why did Personal Rule come to an end

A

It came to an end after events in Scotland forced Charles to recall Parliament

37
Q

How did Charles cut major costs at the start of Personal rule

A

Peace with France in 1629 and Spain in 1630 enabled him to reduce his major costs

38
Q

What did the king exploit to raise Finance during personal rule

A

The king exploited traditional feudal dues

39
Q

What were feudal dues

A

Payments which the crown controlled and which did not need parliamentary approval

40
Q

What was Charles main source of income during Personal rule

A

Charles I main source of money during Personal rule was Ship Money

41
Q

Where was Ship Money traditional levied

A

Ship money was traditionally levied on costal counties for defence purposes

42
Q

When did Ship Money become a national tax

A

Ship Money became a national tax between 1635-1640

43
Q

How successful was Ship Money

A

Ship Money was very successful giving Charles £200,000 annually

44
Q

What did success of Ship money make it seem less likely Charles would have to do

A

The success of Ship Money made it seem less likely Charles I was going to have to recall Parliament

45
Q

What did Charles methods of assessing and collecting tax cause

A

Methods of assessing and collecting tax caused much opposition and resentment

46
Q

When was the Hampden’s Case

A

Hampden’s Case was in October 1637

47
Q

Who was John Hampden

A

John Hampden was a member of the Buckinghamshire gentry

48
Q

What did John Hampden do

A

John Hampden challenged the legality of Ship Money and refused to pay the tax

49
Q

What did John Hampden’s case become a case on

A

John Hampden’s case became a case on the legality of Ship Money

50
Q

How many judges upheld verdict of the Hampden’s case

A

7 out of the 12 judges upheld the verdict of the Hampden’s case

51
Q

What was the public opinion to the outcome of the Hampden’s case

A

Public opinion was alarmed by the verdict

52
Q

What did the Hampden’s case verdict confirm

A

The Hampdens case verdict confirmed that the king could raise taxation without Parliamentary approval

53
Q

How did Charles impose Arminianism through the 1630s

A

Charles continued to impose Arminianism through William Laud

54
Q

When was William Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury

A

William Laud was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633

55
Q

What did the Key measures of Laudianism focus on

A

Key measures of Laudianism focused on the wearing of vestments and the use of music, candles and altar cloths

56
Q

How was Laudianism measures enforced

A

To ensure conformity, these measures were enforced through the use of visitations and supervision through church courts`

57
Q

What was opposition to Laudianism initially like

A

Initially there was little opposition to Laudianism

58
Q

What was the main group opposed to Laudianism

A

Those who opposed its imposition were in a minority, predominantly the Radical Puritans whose strength of belief made them more inclined to protest

59
Q

What does the limited example of open opposition to Laudianism indicate

A

The limited example of open opposition to Laudianism indicate that there was a general passive acceptance to Laudianism

60
Q

What did Charles try to impose on Scotland in 1637

A

In 1637 Charles tried to impose the Laudian Prayer Book on Presbyterian Scotland, without consulting the Scottish Parliament

61
Q

What was the Scottish reaction to the Laudian Prayer book

A

Widespread rioting broke out and in 1638 many nobles and clergy signed the National Covenant

62
Q

What did the National Convent swore

A

National Convent swore to resist all changes to the Scottish Kirk

63
Q

What were the Scots like in the Bishops’ war

A

The Scots were well organised and motivated

64
Q

What was Charles like in the Bishops’ war

A

Charles had insufficient funds to pay for his military campaigns

65
Q

When did personal rule end

A

Charles called a parliament in 1640 to end personal rule

66
Q

What was the Parliament called after Personal rule named

A

The short parliament

67
Q

How long did the short parliament last

A

The short parliament lasted 3 weaks

68
Q

Why did Charles dissolve the short parliament

A

Charles dissolved the short parliament because they demanded the removal of Laudianism and end the practice of feudal dues

69
Q

What did the Scots do in August 1640

A

In August 1640 the Scots invaded northern England and occupied Newcastle

70
Q

What did the occupation of Newcastle force Charles to do

A

The occupation of Newcastle forced Charles to negotiate with the Scots

71
Q

What did Charles agree to do until a settlement was reached with Scotland

A

Charles agreed to pay the Scots £850 a day until an agreement was reached
Scots could keep Newcastle till a agreement was reached

72
Q

When did writs go out to summon parliament

A

In September 1640 writs went out to summon parliament

73
Q

When did the Long Parliament meet for the first time

A

The Long Parliament met for the first time in November 1640

74
Q

What were most MPs united against in 1640

A

In 1640 most MPs were united against what they regarded as the abuses of Charles’ Personal Rule

75
Q

What did MPs agree to abolish after Personal Rule

A

MPs agreed to abolish Ship Money

76
Q

What Act did MPs pass after Personal Rule

A

MPs passed the Triennial Act after the end of Personal Rule

77
Q

What did the Triennial Act do

A

The Triennial Act meant the monarch would have to call a Parliament at least every three years

Britain 1625-1701 (8 decks)

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