Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Causes of acute inflammation

Answer 1

micro-organisms, mechanical trauma to tissue, chemical changes, extreme physical conditions, dead tissue, hypersensitivity

Question 2

Benefits of acute inflammation

Answer 2

rapid response to non-specific insult, cardinal signs and loss of function to protect site, neutrophils destroy pathogens and denature antigens for macrophages, plasma proteins localise process, resolution and return to normal

Question 3

sequence of microvascular change

Answer 3

change in vessel radius/flow

change in vessel permeability

movement of neutrophils from the vessel to the extravascular space

Question 4

describe change in vessel radius/flow

Answer 4

transient arteriolar construction

local arteriolar dilation

relation of vessel smooth muscle

“triple response”

increased local blood flow - rubor and calor

Question 5

describe change in vessel permeability

Answer 5

localised vascular response

endothelial leak produced by local chemical mediators

exudation of plasma and proteins such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulin

oedema causes swelling, which reduces function and causes pain

Question 6

describe the movement of neutrophils from the vessel to the extravascular space

Answer 6

neutrophils move to endothelial aspect of lumen- Margination

neutrophils adhere to endothelial- Pavementing

neutrophils squeeze between endothelia to outside tissue - Emigration

Question 7

List the Systemic effects of acute inflammation

Answer 7

pyrexia, malaise, neutrophilia, septic shock

Question 8

complications of acute inflammation

Answer 8

granulation tissue - occurs after large amount of damage, or an inability to remove dirt from wound. capillaries grow into the inflammatory mass, allows access of plasma proteins, macrophages and fibroblasts which lay down collagen to repair the damage

healing and repair

scar formation