108 exam 3

Question 1

what is oviposition?

Answer 1

the egg laying process
egg passes through oviduct small end first and flips 180 degrees before its laid

Question 2

where did the poultry industry start?

Answer 2

family farms in midwest

Question 3

why did chicken industry increase?

Answer 3

new methods of preparation, wide availability, year-round production

Question 4

what breed is the foundation of commerical egg industry?

Answer 4

leghorns

Question 5

when are turkeys sold?

Answer 5

24 weeks
females: 18-30
males: 40-45

Question 6

how does egg effect frozen deserts?

Answer 6

creamier, less ice crystals, more natural, yellow

Question 7

what are egg qualities?

Answer 7

aa: 1/8 in air cell, few blemishes, unbroken
a: 3/16 in air cell, few blemishes, unbroken
b: broken

Question 8

how many eggs can a hen produce yearly?

Answer 8

285 eggs

Question 9

which parent decides the sex of offspring?

Answer 9

mom

Question 10

how long does it take for a chick to hatch?

Answer 10

21 days

Question 11

how much food is needed for a hen to produce a dozen eggs?

Answer 11

3 pounds

Question 12

what is the most valuable poultry cut?

Answer 12

the breast

Question 13

how much feed does it take to grow a pound of chicken?

Answer 13

less than 1.9 pounds

Question 14

top broiler states?

Answer 14

georgia, alabama, arkansas

Question 15

top egg states?

Answer 15

iowa, ohio, pennsylvania

Question 16

top 2 broiler companies?

Answer 16

tyson foods inc, pilgrims pride corp

Question 17

top 2 turkey companies?

Answer 17

jennie-o, butterball

Question 18

top turkey countries?

Answer 18

minnesota, north carolina, arkansas

Question 19

path of semen deposition?

Answer 19

vagina, cervix, ovaries

Question 20

where does fertilization occur?

Answer 20

ampulla isthmus junction

Question 21

forms of heat regulation for testes?

Answer 21

-scrotum has tunica dartos muscle for skin folds
-cremaster muscle pulls testes closer to body
-pampiniform plexus: blood network that cools off blood enterinf the testes

Question 22

what are male accessory glands?

Answer 22

-seminal vesicles: nutrients and buffering
-prostate: produces fluid to clean urethra before ejaculation
-bulbothereal gland: forces semen out of urethra, gel-like portion of semen

Question 23

what is oxytocin?

Answer 23

synthesized by hypothalamus
female: induces milk let down, contracts uterine
male: synthesizes prostaglandin alpha

Question 24

what is progesterone?

Answer 24

released by CL
-stops gnrh and reproductive behaviour
-maintains pregnancy

Question 25

what is LH?

Answer 25

from anterior pituitary due to gnrh female: begins ovulation male: stimulates testosterone production

Question 26

what is FSH?

Answer 26

released from anterior love to pituitary due to gnrh female: delevops follicles

Question 27

what is the preferred AI for cattle?

Answer 27

rectocervical- straight into cervix through rectum

Question 28

what are AI advantages?

Answer 28

fenetic improvement, disease control, record keeping, less bulls, more economical

Question 29

colors of lean?

Answer 29

pig: reddish pink lamb: light pink mutton: bright red catrle:bright cherry red to dark red

Question 30

what are the types of stunning?

Answer 30

cattle + sheep: mechanical swine: electrical and chemical

Question 31

dressing percentages?

Answer 31

cow: 62 pig: 72 sheep: 52

Question 32

how are the heads removed?

Answer 32

between atlas vertebra and occipital condyles

Question 33

how is skin removed?

Answer 33

cattle: hide puller sheep: fisting pig: tumbling and scalding

Question 34

what is the blast chill temperature?

Answer 34

28 degrees F

Question 35

what is removed?

Answer 35

cattle: knee and hock sheep: break joint swine: toenails

Question 36

what affects dressing percent?

Answer 36

fill, gi tract, fat and muscle, manure and mud

Question 37

which soecies are split?

Answer 37

swine and cattle

Question 38

what is break joint? spool joint?

Answer 38

break: young sheep spool: yearling sheep+

Question 39

what are types of fill?

Answer 39

viscera: abdominal pluck: thoracic

Question 40

what is the fell membrane?

Answer 40

membrane between muscle and skin that fully encases carcass

Question 41

what is inspected antemortem?

Answer 41

animal within 24 hours of harvest US passed, US suspect, US condemned

Question 42

what are offal items? what is most valuable?

Answer 42

blood, feet and shanks, hide/pelt, viscera, head, liver, heart -hide/pelt most valuable

Question 43

how do different steaks rate in tenderness?

Answer 43

tenderloin: 5.7 top blade: 6.7 top loin: 7.2 top sirloin: 8.0

Question 44

what affects tenderness?

Answer 44

breed, locomotive vs support muscles, quality, age, degree of doneness

Question 45

what is looked at to determine maturity?

Answer 45

type of bone, red to white, buttons soft to hard

Question 46

what are the major cuts of each species?

Answer 46

cattle: chuck, round, rib, loin sheep: leg, loin, rack, shoulder swine: boston butt, picnic shoulder, ham, loin

Question 47

what are the scalding times for swine?

Answer 47

hard hair: 143 4.5 min soft hair: 140 4 min