108 Networks

Question 1

Host/Client

Answer 1

Host- a computer connected to a computer network or the internet
Client- a application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system

Question 2

Application Server

Answer 2

computer which houses the application programs to ‘serve’ them to client computers

Question 3

Hub

Answer 3

a hardware device that is used to network multiple computers together

Question 4

Switch

Answer 4

hardware device used to network multiple computers together

Question 5

Router

Answer 5

a hardware device that routes data from a LAN to another network connection

Question 6

WAP

Answer 6

Wireless Access Point- a device, such as a wireless router, that allows wireless devices to connect to a network

Question 7

Proxy Server

Answer 7

a server that all computers on the local network have to go through before accessing information on the internet

Question 8

Firewall

Answer 8

can be either hardware or software based. limit the data that can pass through it and protects a networked server or client machine from damage by unauthorized users

Question 9

VPN Concentrator

Answer 9

Used to create encrypted tunnels between hosts

Question 10

Back-up

Answer 10

the process of backing up refers to making copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a data loss event

Question 11

Repeater

Answer 11

a wireless repeater is a device used to increase the effective coverage of our wireless network

Question 12

Layers of routing

Answer 12

Access- desktop layer
Distribution- LAN-based and layer 3 switches
Core- core of the network, backbone, high-end switches and high-speed cables

Question 13

Topology

Answer 13

interconnection of the various elements of a computer network

Question 14

LAN

Answer 14

computer network covering a small physical area

Question 15

WAN

Answer 15

computer group that covers a broad area

Question 16

MAN

Answer 16

large computer network that usually spans a city or large campus

Question 17

GAN

Answer 17

network used for supporting mobile communications across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs

Question 18

OSI Model

Answer 18

Physical-signal transmission
Data Link-delivery and receipt of data
Network-routing packets across the network
Transport- end-to-end transport of data
Session- communications sessions between machines
Presentation- preparing the data for different interfaces
Application- supports application and end-user processes

Question 19

TCP/IP Model

Answer 19

Network Access Layer- physically sent
Internet Layer- packages data into IP datagrams
Transport Layer- comms session management between host computers
Application Layer-how host protocols interface

Question 20

IPV4

Answer 20

connectionless protocol - 32 bits

Question 21

IPV6

Answer 21

vastly larger address space than IPV4 -128 bits

Question 22

NIPRNET

Answer 22

used for processing information up to Unclassified

Question 23

SIPRNET

Answer 23

used for processing information up to Secret

Question 24

JWICS

Answer 24

used for processing information up to SCI

Question 25

DoDN (GIG)

Answer 25

all encompassing communications project of the US DoD

Question 26

DISN

Answer 26

DOD consolidated worldwide enterprise level telecommunications infrastructure that provides end-to-end info transfer

Question 27

NMCI

Answer 27

primary network for continental US users

Question 28

ONE-NET

Answer 28

common and secure infrastructure to OCONUS Navy locations

Question 29

IT21

Answer 29

serves as primary network for afloat commands

Question 30

Machine Language

Answer 30

lowest-level programming language

Question 31

Assembly Language

Answer 31

programmers use either high-level programming language or assembly language

Question 32

High-Level Language

Answer 32

programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer

Question 33

Operating System

Answer 33

software consisting of programs and data that runs on computers

Question 34

Application

Answer 34

Computer Software designed to help the user perform singular or multiple related specific tasks

Question 35

Virus

Answer 35

can only spread from one computer to another

Question 36

Worm

Answer 36

self-replicating computer program

Question 37

Trojan

Answer 37

malware that appears to perform a desirable function for the user prior to run or install, but instead, facilities unauthorized access of the users computer system

Question 38

Backdoor

Answer 38

method of bypassing normal authentication

Question 39

Phishing

Answer 39

criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive info such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communications

Question 40

Network Enumeration

Answer 40

discovering as much as possible about the target, identifying al potential avenues of attack, and attempting to compromise a network

Question 41

Buffer Overflow

Answer 41

occurs when a program or process tries to store more data in a buffer than it was intended to hold

Question 42

SQL Injection

Answer 42

type of security exploit in which the attacker adds SQL code o a Web for input box to gain access to resources or make changes to data

Question 43

Dictionary Attack

Answer 43

defeating cipher or authentication mechanism by trying to determine its decryption key or paraphrase by looking in the dictionary

Question 44

Privilege Escalation

Answer 44

act of exploiting a bug or design flaw in software app to gain access to resources that would normally be protected from an app or user

Question 45

Brute Force Attack

Answer 45

used to break encryption of data

Question 46

Social Engineering

Answer 46

act of manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information

Question 47

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Answer 47

a framework for creating a secure method for exchanging information based on public key cryptography

Question 48

Purpose of DNS

Answer 48

Domain Name Service- translated internet domain and host names to IP addresses