Infections, Tumors, and Mutations

Question 1

MRSA

Answer 1

Antibiotic resistant staph infection, presents as painful, red, swollen and warm to the touch area (skin), treated with drainage

Question 2

Malaria

Answer 2

Parasitic disease that invades red blood cells causing them to burst/destruct, has classic flu symptoms but the distinguishing one is jaundice, treated with antimalarial pills.

Question 3

Staph infection

Answer 3

Infection caused by “Staph” bacteria, can be deadly if invades organs, treated w/ antibotics.

Question 4

Furuncle aka Boil, Carbuncle (Boils plural)

Answer 4

A pocket of pus that develops in a hair follicle or oil gland, treated with drainage. Will be red, swollen and tender.

Question 5

Impetigo

Answer 5

A painful rash, that has a honey colored crust, and may contain large blisters that ooze fluid. Treated w/ topical or oral antibiotics.

Question 6

Cellulitis

Answer 6

An infection similar to impetigo but is deeper within layers of the skin, will have ulcers that ooze discharge. Since deep, cant treat w/ topical antibiotic, have to treat w/ oral antibotics.

Question 7

Staph Scalded Syndrome

Answer 7

Staph infection so bad, it leaves skin raw and looking like its burned. Requires hospitalization, due to pain and is treated with IV antibiotics.

Question 8

Food Poisoning

Answer 8

The common symptoms are fever-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. But a less common distinguishing symptom is low blood pressure.

Question 9

Bacteremia

Answer 9

Means “blood poisoning,” symptoms are fever and low blood pressure, distinguishing symptom is that internal organs start to become affected. Treated w/ antibiotics.

Question 10

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 10

Staph infection caused by tampons and certain wounds, has all classic flu symptoms, but distinguishing symptoms include rash on feet, and confusion.

Question 11

Natural Immunity vs Acquired Immunity

Answer 11

Getting infected and your body building a response to it vs your body building a response from a vaccine.

Question 12

Humoral Immunity vs Cell Mediated Immunity

Answer 12

Humoral is immunity conducted by blood cells, proteins and peptides. Cell Mediated is our main form of immunity against everything that is conducted by t-cells.

Question 13

Predisposing factor

Answer 13

A condition or situation that makes one more susceptible to disease.

Question 14

Phenotype vs Genotype

Answer 14

Physical Characteristics vs Genetics

Question 15

Monogenic vs Polygenic Disorders

Answer 15

Disorders caused by a single gene vs several genes.

Question 16

Autosomal-Dominant vs Autosomal Recessive

Answer 16

Only one gene from one parent is needed to inherit the disease vs both parents having to have the gene for it to show up.

Question 17

Dominant X-Linked vs Recessive X-Linked

Answer 17

One of the x chromosomes has the mutation (either parent can be the carrier), vs Both the x chromosomes has the mutation (both parents have the mutation)

Question 18

Anaplastic

Answer 18

Cells that divide so rapidly they dont even look like the normal cells. Indicate malignant and aggressive cancer.

Question 19

Hyperplasia

Answer 19

Excessive cell growth (too many cells)

Question 20

Dysplasia

Answer 20

Excessive cell growth of cells that also look abnormal.

Question 21

Benign Tumors

Answer 21

Tumors that grow slowly, remain localized, do not spread to other organs, and do not reoccur after being removed. Two types are Adenoma and Osteoma

Question 22

Malignant Tumor

Answer 22

Anaplastic Tumor that grows rapidly, spreads to other organs, is usually fatal, several types are Testicular, Prostatic, Bladder, and Colorectal.

Question 23

4 Stages of Cancer (1-4)

Answer 23

1. Growth stays in original site
2. Growth spreads a little but still in primary area.
3. Growth has spread to other regions near primary area.
4. Growth has spread to far distances in the body.

Question 24

Electrocautery

Answer 24

Burning cancer tissue w/ an electric current, commonly used for rectal cancer.

Question 25

Laser Surgery

Answer 25

Using a powerful light (laser) to vaporize cancer tissue.

Question 26

Cryosurgery

Answer 26

Using liquid nitrogen to freeze/destroy cancer cells often used for early stages of skin cancer.

Question 27

Mohs Surgery

Answer 27

A surgery where you shave off skin layers gradually, and one by one until the cancer is gone.

Question 28

Metastasis

Answer 28

Aggressive cell migration, cancer cells move over cells, change the normal cytoskeleton of regular cells to squeeze past them and enter the blood so they can spread to other places.

Question 29

Near Drowning

Answer 29

When a person (usually a child) takes in water and it gets into the airway reducing oxygenation. Symptoms include coughing & shortness of breath (respiratory distress).

Question 30

Allergy

Answer 30

An immunity response caused by certain foods, medications, environments, substances etc.

Question 31

Stridor & Dyspnea

Answer 31

Experiencing labored and difficult breathing.

Question 32

Dislocation aka Luxation (Subluxation)

Answer 32

When a bone gets separated from the joint, usually happens to the shoulder or vertebral column (partial dislocation)

Question 33

“Nursemaid’s Elbow”

Answer 33

When young children dislocate their elbow.