Skin diseases, and Issues

Question 1

Acne Vulgaris

Answer 1

Inflammatory skin disease, usually caused by hormonal issues, bacteria & or certain drugs. Detected visually due to presence of pimples. Treated w/ topical antibacterials and oral antibiotics to reduce bacteria.

Question 2

Impetigo

Answer 2

A highly contagious staph skin infection of blisters that pop and secrete a honey colored liquid that dries up to form a yellow crust. Staph bacteria is detected by a gram stain, and treatment is cleansing the lesions and antibiotics to get rid of the staph bacteria.

Question 3

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Answer 3

Varicella (chickenpox) virus, causing bumps and blisters on face and upper body. Cell cultures detect the virus. Treated w/ antivirals for virus, analgesics for pain, and antibiotics if any bumps get infected.

Question 4

Dermatitis (in general)

Answer 4

Skin inflammation, presents as itchiness, redness, and skin lesions. Detection and treatment will be different based on the type.

Question 5

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Answer 5

A chronic sebaceous gland disease, presents as itchy, scaly and red skin eruptions on many areas of the body, especially on the scalp. Treated w/ shampoo and hydrocortisone cream.

Question 6

Contact Dermatitis

Answer 6

Skin inflammation caused by contact w/ allergens. Vesicles may be scaly, ooze, itch, burn, sting, swell, or be hot to the touch. Treated by cleaning the affected area and applying Topical corticosteroid lotions/creams

Question 7

Latex Allergy

Answer 7

A form of contact dermatitis where Latex is the allergen. People w/ existing food allergies are at a higher risk. Presents as itchy skin, swollen lips, nausea , diarrhea, red, swollen eyes and even anaphylactic shock. Blood test can detect latex antibodies. Best treatment is avoiding latex altogether.

Question 8

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

Answer 8

Inflammation of the skin, presents as bumps on different parts of the body that can become very dry, and intensely itch. Topical and oral medications used to stop itching and corticosteroid creams to treat the bumps.

Question 9

Neurodermatitis

Answer 9

A type of Eczema presents as chronic itching or scaling. Presents as raised, rough, itchy areas of skin that get worse the more you scratch. Corticosteroids, antihistamines, and black seed oil for lesions.

Question 10

Decubitus Ulcer

Answer 10

Severe Ulcer caused by pressure from being immobilized (usually seen in paralyzed patients). Ulcer is shiny, red, swollen, and blistery. It goes deep down into tissues to the bone, entire area becomes dead skin. Wound is cleaned, dried, and treated w/ antibiotic powder. Surgery is done to remove dead skin, bone etc.

Question 11

Keratosis Pilaris

Answer 11

A painless skin disorder caused by excess skin failing to shed, presents as skin colored bumps and rough patches. Topical ointments containing ammonium and several different kinds of acids are used to remove the excess keratin buildup. Laser therapy is used in severe cases.

Question 12

Furuncle (Boil)/Carbuncle (Boils)

Answer 12

Abscess of the hair follicle caused by staph bacteria. Also a symptom of diabetes. Presents as tender, painful lesions that may discharge pus. Treated w/ hot compresses and antibiotic, if severe incision and drainage.

Question 13

Warts (There are multiple types)

Answer 13

Elevated skin lesions.

Question 14

Common Warts

Answer 14

Most common kind, dome shaped found on hands. Usually asymptomatic. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).

Question 15

Plantar Warts

Answer 15

Warts on the soles of the feet that look like hard/thick patches. Cause pain when walking. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).

Question 16

Periungual Warts

Answer 16

Warts near and under the finger/toe nails. They affect nail growth. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).

Question 17

Urticaria (Hives)

Answer 17

Inflamed capillaries under the skin caused by allergens (mostly food allergens). Presents as itchy raised wheals on skin. Antihistamines and Hydrocortisone to stop reaction and calamine lotion for itching.

Question 18

Rosacea

Answer 18

Chronic inflammation causing redness, usually misdiagnosed as acne. Brought on by genetic and environmental factors. Presents as flushing of the face w/ small red pustules, if affecting the eyes causes redness, burning and drying. Treated w/ topical creams, antibiotics, and if severe laser surgery.

Question 19

Scabies

Answer 19

A skin infection caused by skin mites, presents as intense itching that gets worse at night, detected by a microscope. Treated w/ anti-parasite creams such as permethrin, lindane cream, and crotamiton.

Question 20

Malignant Melanoma

Answer 20

Skin cancer, caused by abnormal melanocytes. Caused by excessive childhood sun exposure. Treated w/ Chemo and Radiation, removal of any lesions. Must avoid overexposure to sun and UV rays.

Question 21

Dermatophytosis (Tinea)

Answer 21

Chronic superficial fungal infection (basically athletes foot on different parts of the body).

Question 22

Different types of dermatophytosis (tinea)

Answer 22

Tinea Capitis - On the head/scalp
Tinea Corporis - On the body
Tinea Unguium - On the nails
Tinea Pedis - On the feet - Athlete's Foot
Tinea Cruris - On the groin

Question 23

Dermatophytosis Symptoms & Treatment

Answer 23

Presents as intense and persistent burning and itching. Possible pain and stinging when inflamed. First have to make the area clean and dry, with loose fitting clothing as not to cause irritation. Treated w/ topical antifungal creams or antifungal meds.

Question 24

Cold Sores / Fever Blisters

Answer 24

Crusty skin eruptions around mouth, lips, and nose that can itch and burn. Caused by HSV-1 virus. Treated w/ antiviral medications and ointments, Lysine and Vitamin E oil.

Question 25

Vitiligo

Answer 25

Disorder of melanocytes that stops melanin production, causes white spots and premature grey hair. Skin biopsy tests melanin, and CBC tests for anemia and thyroid issues. Treated with topical corticosteroids or UV treatments.