Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

- Med School Review πŸ”₯ > Ashley > Flashcards

Ashley Flashcards

1
Q

Translocation t(9;22)

A

CML

(Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)

  • Mainly adults (64+)
  • Associated w/ BCR-ABL hybrid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Translocation (11,22)

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

  • Patrick Ewing’s Jersey Number is 33. 11 + 22 = 33
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Translocation (8,14)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Translocation (11,14)

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Translocation (15,17)

A

AML M3

(Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Subtype M3)

  • Tx: ATRA more effective against AML M3 subtype
  • Complication: DIC (via breakage of Auer rods)
  • Histo: Auer rods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Translocation (14,18)

A

Follicular Lymphoma

  • BCL-2 (part of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Translocation (12,21)

A

ALL

(Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia)

  • (14,21) Down’s Syndrome acrocentric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DiGeorge Mnemonic

A

CATCH-22

(DiGeorge Syndrome)

  • Cleft palate
  • Abnormal facies
  • Thymic aplasia (T-cell deficiency)
  • Cardiac defects (conotruncal)
  • Hypocalcemia (2/2 parathyroid aplasiaβ€”third pharyngeal pouch: inferior parathyroids are grown with thymus and descend together)
  • 22q11: Microdeletion at chromosome 22q11
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes QRS widening

A

TCA overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dilated pupils, dry & flushed skin, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia

A

Anticholinergic overdose

(Diphenhydramine overdose)

  • Tx: Physostigmine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Tx

A

Pyridostigmine

Dx: Tensilon Test (Edrophonium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AGMA Mnemonic

A

MUDPILES

  • Methanol
  • Uremia
  • DKA
  • Propylene Glycol
  • INH/Iron, Isolyene Glycol
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze)
  • Salicylates (late)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NAGMA Mnemonic

A

HARDASS

  • Hyperalimentation (vitamins)
  • Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
  • RTA
  • Diarrhea
  • Acetazolamide (CA-inhibitor)
  • Spironolactone (MRAs)
  • Saline infusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absence of dark blue cytoplasmic staining upon nitroblue tetrazolium administration

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

  • Absence of dark blue staining indicates defective phagocytosis. In normal phagocytes, phagocytosis will result in dark blue cytoplasmic staining with NBT.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Giant peroxidase-positive granules within neutrophils and platelets

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Primary immunodeficiency disorder stemming from a defect in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene, LYST, leading to microtubule dysfunction and failure of phagolysosome formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paraneoplastic Syndromes of SCLC

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spherules containing endospores on sputum sample

A

Coccidiomycosis

(hiking in Arizona desert)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mutation for melanoma

A

BRAF Kinase mutation (missense mutation)

  • Because it is a Valine to Glutamic substitution at V600E
  • Rx: Verumatinib
  • 4 types:
    • Acral lentigo, nodular, superficial,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Monitored to adjust heparin dosing when giving unfractionated heparin to a DVT pt

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

(For warfarin, it would be INR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common complication of BPH

A

Hydronephrosis

(2/2 the backup of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Growth over eyelid that does not go away with warm compresses. Dx & Tx?

A

Chalazion

Tx: Excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SOB, UL breath sounds, JVD

A

Tension Pneumothorax

(Tx: Needle Decompression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

You get high calcium with this type of diuretic

A

Thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pt p/w dark urine and non-pruritic rash on hands. Dx & Tx?

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Tx: Hydroxychloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glossitis, stomatitis, dry rash. Vitamin deficiency?

A

Vitamin B2 Deficiency (Riboflavin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Exposure to this drug is associated with tricuspid valve dysfunction

A

Fetal exposure to Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bilateral temporal hemianopsia

A

Pituitary tumor

Think panhypopituitary symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated w/ HCV

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

(MPGN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tuft of hair over newborn’s lumbosacral region

A

Neural tube defect

(Can be 2/2 mother having taken valproate during pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tx for Magnesium Sulfate toxicity

A

Calcium Gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Reflexes w/ Magnesium Sulfate

A

Hyporeflexia (diminished)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Treatment of Torsades de Point

A

Magnesium Sulfate

  • Drug-induced long QT: ABCDE
    • Antiarrhythmics (Class IA, III)
    • Antibiotics (macrolides)
    • Anti”C”ychotics (e.g. haloperidol)
    • Antidepressants (e.g. TCAs)
    • Antiemetics (e.g. ondansetron)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Compares means between two groups

A

t-test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bilateral presentation of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Tx: Steroids then DMARDs(?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, distended neck veins

A

Cardiac tamponade

(+Pulsus paradoxus; +electrical alternans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Responsible for secreting anti-Mullerian hormone during embryogenesis (suppressing development of internal female genitalia)

A

Sertoli Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Vessel branch most likely the source of esophageal variceal bleeding

A

L gastric vein (portal circulation) & Azygos vein (systemic circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

MCC of UTI

A

E. coli

then Staph saprophyticus, then Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

PNA with hyponatremia. Organism?

A

Legionella

(Cruises, water mist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

IgA attacks parietal cells

A

Pernicious Anemia

(autoimmune)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Best method for evaluating for possible cervical incompetence in pregnant pt w/ r/o cervical incompetence

A

Transvaginal ultrasound at 18 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Brisk reflexes = Hyper- or hyporeflexia?

A

Hyperreflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A larger circular or ovoid plaque (herald patch) most commonly on the trunk, followed by multiple smaller ovoid lesions which classically arrange themselves on a Christmas tree pattern on the back, sparin gthe face, palms, & soles. (+/- pruritus)

A

Pityriasis rosea

(2/2 HHV-6 or HHV-7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Infection seen more often in sickle cell patients

A

Salmonella Osteomyelitis

(also Staph aureus osteomyelitis)

44
Q

Infection seen more often in sickle cell patients

A

Salmonella Osteomyelitis

45
Q

Dizziness caused by canalithiasis

A

BPPV

  • Diagnosed w Dix-Hallpike Maneuver
  • Treated w/ Epley Maneuver
46
Q

Dizziness caused by increased endolymph production

A

Meniere’s Disease

47
Q

Oligoclonal IgG bands on electrophoresis or LP

A

MS

(Multiple Sclerosis)

48
Q

Reduces exophthalmos symptoms in MG patients

A

Prednisone

49
Q

Drooling in fully-vaccinated child. Organism?

A

Strep pneumo

50
Q

Folate is absorbed in the

A

Jejunum

(B12 in the terminal ileum)

51
Q

Pancreatic pseudocyst - Tx?

A

Cystogastrostomy

(for drainage)

52
Q

Pregestational diabetic in pregnancy requires this monthly until delivery

A

NST or Biophysical Profile

53
Q

First line drug used to assist in pregnancy in PCOS pts

A

Letrozole (Aromatase Inhibitor)

(Clomiphene citrate is no longer first line)

54
Q

Can haptoglobin be normal in hemolysis?

A

Yes, in Extravascular Hemolysis, such as Acute Splenic Sequestration Crisis, where abnormal sickled RBCs are sequestered in the spleen and can undergo extravascular destruction mediated by immune cells in the spleen, leading to acute anemia.

55
Q

Definitive Tx for HELLP syndrome (Severe Pre-Eclampsia)

A

Delivery (CSx)

56
Q

Pre-surgery Tx in Pheochromocytoma resection

A

Phenoxybenzamine

(irreversible Ξ± blockade)

57
Q

Atypical schizophrenia Tx?

A

Quetiapine

57
Q

Atypical schizophrenia Tx?

A

Quetiapine

58
Q

Perimysial CD4+ infiltration and perifascicular atrophy

A

Dermatomyositis

59
Q

Denervation and reinnervation of the muscle

A

ALS

(Neurodegenerative d/o that p/w asymmetric upper & lower motor neuron Sx, w/ preservation of mentation, bowel, bladder, sensory, & sexual function)

60
Q

CD8+ infiltrating wihtin the fascicle

A

polymyositis

61
Q

Lecithin:Sphingomyelin ratio <2

A

Give betamethasone

(to accelerate fetal lung maturity and increase surfactant production)

  • <34 weeks gestation or <36w + L/S < 2 β†’ Give betamethasone
62
Q

Tension PTX vs Spontaneous PTX

A

Spontaneous PTX is ipsilateral; Tx = Chest tube thoracostomy

Tension PTX is contralateral; Tx = Needle thoracostomy

63
Q

In pt with DKA, do this BEFORE giving them insulin

A

IV NS & Potassium

64
Q

Calcium and Phosphate levels in Vitamin D deficiency

A

Decreased

(Hypocalcemia & Hypophosphatemia)

65
Q

What PNA gives you low sodium?

A

Legionella

66
Q

T-cell mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity

(e.g. Nickel allergy, poison oak)

67
Q

MCC of mortality in burn pts

A

Hypovolemia

(2/2 loss of fluid due to impaired skin function)

68
Q
A

Poxvirus

(Molluscum Contagiosum)

  • Tx: Self-limited or cosmetic (curettage or liquid nitrogen)
69
Q

Suspected temporal arteritis in pt p/w fever, HA, ↑ESR, & right scalp tenderness. Next step?

A

Start oral prednisone or they’re going to go blind

  • Temporal arteritis = GCA (Giant Cell Arteritis)
70
Q

Brazilian/Central American man with lump in his mouth, ulcers, immunocompromised

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

71
Q

Decreased levels of Vitamin D, there is ↓ __ absorption from GI tract, leading to ↓ __ levels

A

↓ Calcium

(↑ PTH)

72
Q

Tumor that is GFAP+

A

Glioblastoma; Astrocytoma

(stains for astrocytes, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes)

73
Q

Serum sickness is Type __ Hypersensitivity

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

(Antibody-antigen complex deposition)

74
Q

Male pattern baldness Tx MOA?

A

5-Ξ± reductase inhibition

(Finasteride; decreases conversion of testosterone to DHT)

  • Used for BPH and male pattern baldness
75
Q

Achondroplasia mode of inheritance?

A

AD

(Autosomal Dominant)

  • Mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3)
  • Increases with increasing paternal age
76
Q

Abnormal development of 1st branchial arch 2/2 neural crest dysfunction (mandible, middle ear bones, sphenomandibular structures, muscles of mastication, neck muscles including mylohyoid)

A

Treacher Collins Syndrome

(p/w mandibular hypoplasia & facial abnormalities)

77
Q

Follows tonic-clonic seizures 2/2 vigorous muscle contraction

A

Post-ictal Lactic Acidosis

Tx: Observation as acidosis normalizes

78
Q

Tx for post-ictal lactic acidosis

A

Observation

(as acidosis normalizes on its own)

79
Q

Most common non-melanoma skin cancer in the US

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

80
Q

Pink or flesh-colored papule that is pearly or translucent with telangectasias

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

81
Q

Narrow M-spike of monoclonal IgM

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

(10% or more of BM infiltration by clonal lymphoplasmocytic cellsand a monoclonal IgM gammopathy)

82
Q

M-spike of IgA and IgG

A

Multiple Myeloma

83
Q

Repetitive brief headaches. Excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea.

May present with Horner syndrome.

A

Cluster HA

(unilateral)

Tx: Sumatriptan, 100% O2

PPx: Verapamil

84
Q

Steady pain > 30 min (typically 4–6 hr); constant. No photophobia or phonophobia. No aura.

A

Tension HA

(Bilateral)

85
Q

CD15 + CD30

A

Biomarkers for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

86
Q

Biomarkers for Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

CD15 + CD30

87
Q

Bilobed nuclei

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

(Reed Sternberg cells)

  • Biomarkers CD15, CD30
  • B symptoms
  • Associated w/ EBV
88
Q

Ulcerative red lesion

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • ↑ sun exposure
  • ↑ immunosuppression
  • ↑ arsenic exposure
  • Precursor is actinic keratosis
89
Q

Cholestatic pattern in pt with UC

A

PSC

Intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts will be obliterated

(Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis)

90
Q

Acne rosacea Tx

A

Topical metronidazole

91
Q

Patient w/ hypoglycemia in setting of low c-peptide

A

Factitious hypoglycemia due to exogenous insulin administration

Factitious Disorder

92
Q

Psoas & Obturator signs are maneuvers that test for

A

Irritation of the respective muscles by an inflammatory process such as acute appendicitis, a ruptured appendix, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

93
Q

Supplies blood to the Left Atrium and Posterior Left Ventricle

A

Left Circumflex Artery (LCX)

94
Q

Bony Landmark Origin of the ACL?

A

Posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

  • Insertion is on the anteromedial tibial plateau
  • ACL tear is tested by Anterior Drawer test & Lachman test
95
Q

Defect in Tyrosinase

A

Albinism

Tyrosinase converts DOPA to Melanin

DOPA = dihydroxyphenylalanine

96
Q

Gram-positive rod that can be grown at 22Β°C in pt w/ h/o cancer or renal transplants

A

Listeria monocytogenes

  • Usually presents as a common cause of meningitis in adults with cancer or h/o renal transplants
  • Displays tumbling motility in broth
97
Q

Decreases synaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine

A

Methylphenidate

98
Q

Prevents conversion of xanthine to uric acid

A

Allopurinol

99
Q

Inhibits microtubule polymerization

A

Colchicine

100
Q

Drug used to diagnose asthma

A

Methacholine

101
Q

GAA Trinucleotide Repeat

A

Friedrich Ataxia

  • AR disorder characterized by spinal cord tract degeneration, leading to ataxia, muscle weakness, areflexia, loss of vibratory sense & proprioception, dysarthria, & MSK deformities (e.g. pes cavus, hammertoes, kyphoscoliosis).
102
Q

CAG Trinucleotide Repeat

A

Huntington Disease

(also cause of spinocerebellar ataxia)

103
Q

CGG Trinucleotide Repeat

A

Fragile X Syndrome

104
Q

CTG Trinucleotide Repeat

A

Myotonic dystrophy

  • p/w β€œloss of hand grip”, frontal baldness
105
Q

45XO

A

Turner Syndrome

106
Q

47XYY

A

Jacob Syndrome (β€œSupermale Syndrome”)

  • Klinefelter is 47XXY

- Med School Review πŸ”₯ (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions