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Therapeutics > W6 - Pharmacology at a Glance > Flashcards

W6 - Pharmacology at a Glance Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology

A

The study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems

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2
Q

What are the two parts of pharmacology

A

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics

A

The effects of the drug on the body

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4
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics

A

the effects of the body on the drug

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5
Q

What does pharmacokinetics cover

A

ADME

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6
Q

What does ADME stand for

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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7
Q

What is a drug

A

a biologically active compound taken with the intent to produce a change in the body

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8
Q

What is a medicine

A

a chemical preparation which usuall contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect

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9
Q

What is a medicine

A

A chemical preparation which usually contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect.

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10
Q

What is the magic bullet theory

A

Therapy without toxicity due to selective toxicity even at high doses.

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11
Q

Who proposed the theory magic bullet

A

Dr Ehrlich

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12
Q

What is the receptor concept

A

Site of Major Drug action (drug bullets) e.g. neuromuscular junction

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13
Q

Who proposed the receptor concept

A

Dr Langley

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14
Q

What do drugs act through

A

receptors

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15
Q

What are the 2 problems associated with drug classes

A

Drugs cannot be classified according to a single system due to the needs of different professions such as

  • Doctors
  • Chemists
  • Pharmacologists

Due to formulations varying for different drugs it is not practical to have them under one name.

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16
Q

What is the definition of a target

A

Molecular recognition site to which a drug will bind

17
Q

What is the majority of known targets

A

most known targets are proteins which are commonly receptors however there are always exceptions

18
Q

What are two conventional routes

A

analysis pathophysiology

analysis of mechanism of action of existing therapeutic drugs.

19
Q

What is an example of a novel route

A

Trawl the genome

20
Q

What are disease genes

A

genes mutations which can lead to the development of human disease

21
Q

What are disease modifying genes

A

Genes whose altered expression may be involved in the development of the disease state

or

genes that encode functional proteins whose activity is altered in disease state

22
Q

What is the formula for mass

A

Concentration x volume x formula weight

23
Q

what is the unit of concentration

A

Mol/L

24
Q

What is the unit of volume

A

L

25
Q

what is the unit of formula weight

A

g/mol

26
Q

What is a biological assay

A

a method measuring the effects of a biologically active substance

using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue

or cell model under controlled conditions.

27
Q

What type of scales are used to generate a concentration response curve

A

Logarithmic scale

28
Q

How is a concentration response curve often denoted

A

CRC

29
Q

What is a logarithm?!

A

it is defined as the power to which a base 10 must be raised to produce a given number

30
Q

What is the X axis of a CRC

A

Log [Compound] M

31
Q

What is the y axis

A

Normalised response

32
Q

what does a normalized response mean

A

if you have consistent data normalising it puts each value into a percentage with the highest being 100% and the lowest being 0%

33
Q

why is it important that the data is consistent

A

if you have inconsistent data then that can lead to outliers meaning the 100% or 0% could be in an unappropriated range

34
Q

What is homeopathy based on

A

Like cures like

The greater the dilution the more potent the medicine

35
Q

Is homeopathy plausible?`

A

No, the second principle ignores what we understant of dilutions

36
Q

What are the different stages of a clinical trial

A 
Target discover
Target Validation
Screen Development
Hit Discovery
Lead development
Candidate identification
Drug Development
37
Q

What is the human genome project

A

It was the international, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings

38
Q

What was the role of the human genome project in identifying protein targets for drugs

A

The human genome project mapped the entirety of the human genome so we could tell what genes which were part of the protein targets were affected by disease or caused disease.

Therapeutics (50 decks)

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