To what extent was the League of Nations a success?

Question 1

Who was in dispute in the Aland Island case?

Answer 1

Sweden and Finland

Question 2

What was the Aland Islands dispute about?

Answer 2

• Finland and Sweden were in dispute about ownership of an island in the middle of the 2 countries

Question 3

State the three processes of collective security and provide a brief description of each.

Answer 3

Moral Condemnation - Condemning an act of aggression to have the aggressor cease military actions.

Economic Sanctions - Exclusion from trade and other economic sanctions to prevent the aggressor from progressing.

Military Sanctions - Soldiers would be sent to the victim to help fight off the aggressor.

Question 4

Give a brief description on how the Aland Islands case was dealt with.

Answer 4

• The Aland islands were kept under Finnish control, but Swedish traditions and customs were preserved (e.g teaching Swedish in school)

Question 5

Who was involved in the Corfu Incident?

Answer 5

• Greece and Italy

Question 6

What was the Corfu incident about?

Answer 6

• General Tellini and four other people were murdered while marking out borders. Greece were unable to arrest anyone. Mussolini ordered the occupation of the Corfu island as compensation.

Question 7

How was the Corfu Incident resolved?

Answer 7

• Greece was made to pay 50 million Lire and Italy were ordered to evacuate from the island.

Question 8

What was the Greco-Bulgarian confrontation about?

Answer 8

A firefight between Greek and Bulgarian soldiers. Greece had thought Bulgaria launched an invasion, which resulted in Greece attacking Bulgaria.

Question 9

How was the Greco-Bulgarian confrontation solved?

Answer 9

• The LON instructed both sides to end military action.

Question 10

Who was the Vilnius incident between?

Answer 10

• Lithuania and Poland

Question 11

Explain the events of the Vilnius incident.

Answer 11

• Lithuania and Poland were unclear about their borders. The league drew provisional borders up. A polish general marched into Vilnius and took over. The Hymans plan suggested that both countries have equal rights to the city, but was rejected by both sides

Question 12

How was the Vilnius Incident solved?

Answer 12

• A police force was to be sent, but Switzerland forbade the force crossing it’s territory. The Hymans plan suggested Polish + Lithuanians had equal rights to the city, but both rejected. Vilnius was kept part of Poland.

Question 13

Explain the formation of the Assembly

Answer 13

• Met once a year
• Decisions were to be reached unanimously
• New members admitted
• Elected provisional members of the council

Question 14

Explain the formation of the Secretariat.

Answer 14

• Administrating the LON
• Experts to offer advice on disputes

Question 15

Explain the formation of the council.

Answer 15

• Met 4 times a year, more during crises
• Permanent members were Britain, France, Italy, Japan
• Made decisions. Major decisions had to be unanimous
• Permanent and non-permanent members

Question 16

What were the 4 agencies in the LON?

Answer 16

• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• Slavery Commission
• Commission for Refugees
• Health Organization

Question 17

What was the Great Depression?

Answer 17

• A period of time in the late 1920’s - Mid 1930’s when American economies broke down and the whole world entered a state of economic depression.

Question 18

How did the Great Depression affect the LON?

Answer 18

• The LON now had other pressing issues to deal with, such as unemployment, suffering and poverty, limiting their ability to deal with other countries.

Question 19

Why was the Disarmament Conference unsuccessful?

Answer 19

Individual countries feared attack and lack of trust.
Hitler wanted to rearm, saying that France was not disarming.
Italy and Japan also started to rearm.

Question 20

Describe the events of the Manchurian crisis.

Answer 20

• A bomb exploded on a train and the Kwantung army moved in to take Mukden.
• China appealed.
• Japan showed further aggression.
• LON send out the Lytton Commission.
• Japan leaves the LON and further continues aggression.

Question 21

Summarize the events of the Abyssinian crisis.

Answer 21

• Italy began invasion on December 1934.
• LON morally condemned and sanctioned Italy.
• Failure to hurt Italy’s economy, as oil and coal were still tradable.
• Hoare - Laval Pact (2/3 of Abyssinia to Italy)
• Press finds out and Hoare (and Laval) resigns.
• Italy overruns Abyssinia.

Question 22

Summarize the events of the Abyssinian crisis.

Answer 22

• Italy began invasion on December 1934.
• LON morally condemned and sanctioned Italy.
• Failure to hurt Italy’s economy, as oil and coal were still tradable.
• Hoare - Laval Pact (2/3 of Abyssinia to Italy)
• Press finds out and Hoare (and Laval) resigns.
• Italy overruns Abyssinia.