Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTC 3- Immunology > 10.9 T and B cells > Flashcards

10.9 T and B cells Flashcards

1
Q

_ cells are responsible for neutralization of microbes, phagocytosis, and complement activation

A

B cells are responsible for neutralization of microbes, phagocytosis, and complement activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_ cells are needed for effective innate and adaptive immunity; they activate macrophages, increase inflammation, and cause proliferation/differentiation of T and B lymphocytes

A

Helper T cells are needed for effective innate and adaptive immunity; they activate macrophages, increase inflammation, and cause proliferation/differentiation of T and B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CD8+ cells directly kill infected cells by release of _ and _

A

CD8+ cells directly kill infected cells by release of perforin and granzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_ cells (of adaptive immunity) help to suppress the immune response

A

Treg cells (of adaptive immunity) help to suppress the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

B cells can float around and find antigen; however, T cells must be presented with antigen on _

A

B cells can float around and find antigen; however, T cells must be presented with antigen on MHC (in the form of small peptides)
* Antibodies can be secreted and travel in bloodstream
* T cells must always have constant region in the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The TCR is made up of two arms, the _ and _

A

The TCR is made up of two arms, the alpha and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(True/ False) VDJ recombination occurs in the TCR

A

True; VDJ recombination occurs in the TCR
* Occurs in the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C are all (MHC I/ MHC II)

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C are all MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HLA- DP, HLA- DQ, HLA-DR are all (MHC I/ MHC II)

A

HLA- DP, HLA- DQ, HLA-DR are all MHC II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MHC I can be found _

A

MHC I can be found on all nucleated cells
* RBCs do not have MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MHC II can be found _

A

MHC II can be found only on professional APCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is it significant that all cells in the body have MHC I?

A

All cells have MHC I so that we can constantly surveil our cells and kill off malignant/ infected cells if needed (CD8+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MHC I presents (endogenous/ exogenous) peptides

A

MHC I presents endogenous peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MHC II presents (endogenous/ exogenous) peptides

A

MHC II presents exogenous peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(MHC I/ MHC II) contains two chains (alpha and beta) of equal length

A

MHC II contains two chains (alpha and beta) of equal length
* Both chains are transmembrane
* Both alpha and beta bind peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(MHC I/ MHC II) contains beta2-microglobulin for stability

A

MHC I contains beta2-microglobulin for stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In MHC I, only _ chain forms the peptide binding cleft

A

In MHC I, only alpha chain forms the peptide binding cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TAP and proteasome are part of (MHC I/ MHC II) processing and presentation

A

TAP and proteasome are part of MHC I processing and presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The invariant chain is a part of (MHC I/ MHC II) processing and presentation

A

The invariant chain is a part of MHC II processing and presentation

20
Q

Steps of MHC I processing and presentation

A

MHC I:
1. Endogenous, cytosolic protein
2. Antigen is processed in the proteasome which chops it into small peptides
3. Antigen then travels to the transporter associated antigen processing protein (TAP) which gives the antigen access into the ER
4. In the ER, the antigen binds MHC
5. Travels to get expressed on the outside of the cell

21
Q

Steps of the MHC II processing and presentation

A

MHC II:
1. Exogenous antigen undergoes endocytosis
2. Invariant chain is involved in MHC biosynthesis
3. MHC and peptide find each other in endocytic vesicle (not in ER)
4. Travels to get expressed on the outside of the cell

22
Q

CD4+ cells have multiple effector functions:

A

CD4+:
* Activate macrophages for destruction of phagocytosed antigen
* B cell antibody secretion: antibody binding to antigen
* We need CD4+ to stimulate class switch from IgM to make effective antibodies

23
Q

T cells originate in the _ but
mature in the _

A

T cells originate in the bone marrow but
mature in the thymus

24
Q

VDJ recombination for T cells happens in the _

A

VDJ recombination for T cells happens in the thymus

25
Q

Where would we find a CD4+CD8+ cell?

A

Double positive T cells are still in the maturation process so they could be found in the thymus

26
Q

MHC II pathway involves loading peptides from the endosome/lysosome (internalized); we rely on _ enzymes to generate peptides

A

MHC II pathway involves loading peptides from the endosome/lysosome (internalized); we rely on endosomal and lysosomal proteases to generate peptides
* Versus MHC I pathway which uses a proteasome

27
Q

The peptide loading site onto MHC I is the _

A

The peptide loading site onto MHC I is the Endoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

The peptide loading site of MHC II is the _

A

The peptide loading site of MHC II is the specialized vesicular compartment

29
Q

Naive T cells will recycle from lymph nodes to the blood seeking encounters from pathogens; if pathogen is not presented, naive T cells die within _

A

Naive T cells will recycle from lymph nodes to the blood seeking encounters from pathogens; if pathogen is not presented, naive T cells die within 5-7 weeks

30
Q

The main secondary signal required to activate T cell is _ and _ binding

A

The main secondary signal is CD28-B7
* A second co-stimulatory signal is required to induce complete T cell activation
* CD28 is on the T cell
* B7 is on the APC

31
Q

The three most common subtypes of T helper cells are _ , _ , and _

A

The three most common subtypes of T helper cells are Th1 , Th2 , and Th17
* All of these have different functions and the dendritic cells will tell us what pathogen is out there and decide which T helper cell is needed

32
Q

Th1 cells secrete _ cytokines

A

Th1 cells secrete IFN gamma
* Th1 cells are the most commonly used

33
Q

_ T helper cell is primarily responsible for macrophage activation and IgG production

A

Th1 is primarily responsible for macrophage activation and IgG production
* Secreted against intracellular microbes
* Associated with autoimmune diseases and tissue damage in chronic infections

34
Q

_ T helper cell is secreted against helminthic and parasitic infections; it leads to mast cell and eosinophil activation, IgE production

A

Th2 is secreted against helminthic and parasitic infections; it leads to mast cell and eosinophil activation, IgE production

35
Q

_ T helper cell is secreted when we have a bacterial or fungal infection; it activates neutrophils and monocytic inflammation

A

Th17 is secreted when we have a bacterial or fungal infection; it activates neutrophils and monocytic inflammation

36
Q

Th2 cells secrete _ cytokines

A

Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

37
Q

Th17 cells secrete _ cytokines

A

Th17 cells secrete IL-17, IL-22

38
Q

CD8+ cells cause apoptosis of target cells by secreting _ and _

A

CD8+ cells cause apoptosis of target cells by secreting perforin and granzymes

39
Q

Natural killer cells destroy virally infected cells by binding to surface receptors for _

A

Natural killer cells destroy virally infected cells by binding to surface receptors for IgG
* IgG is an antibody that coats the antigen for destruction by NK cells

40
Q

Natural killer cells secrete _ and _

A

Natural killer cells secrete perforin and granzyme

41
Q

T lymphocytes undergo central tolerance in the thymus where they have 2 possible routes:

A

Central tolerance in the thymus:
1. Deleted via negative selection
2. Become Treg cells

42
Q

B lymphocytes undergo central tolerance in the bone marrow where they have 3 possible routes:

A

B lymphocytes undergo central tolerance in the bone marrow where they have 3 possible routes:
1. Deletion via negative selection
2. Anergy (bind but inactive)
3. Receptor editing (second chance)

43
Q

(T lymphocytes/ B lymphocytes) can get a second chance during central tolerance; they undergo receptor editing

A

B lymphocytes can get a second chance during central tolerance; they undergo receptor editing

44
Q

Peripheral tolerance happens in _ and _

A

Peripheral tolerance happens in spleen and lymph nodes

45
Q

Regulatory T cells will go to _ and inhibit responses against self-antigens by secreting _ and _

A

Regulatory T cells will go to periphery and inhibit responses against self-antigens by secreting IL-10 and TGF-beta
* They have special transcription factors and markers associated with them (CD3+CD4+CD25 and FoxP3+)
* Their development is independent of AIRE

46
Q

In addition to inhibitory cytokines, Treg cells also suppress immune response via expression of _ and _

A

In addition to inhibitory cytokines, Treg cells also suppress immune response via expression of CTLA-4 and IL-2 receptors to capture IL-2

MTC 3- Immunology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions