Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
The Cell Cycle
The process in which a cell divides and replicates its DNA to produce genetically identical daughter cells:
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Interphase
Growth phase 1 (G1):
- The cell grows bigger and replicates its organelles (including centrioles)
- High amount of protein synthesis takes place to make new organelles
Synthesis Phase (S): -DNA replication takes place
Growth Phase 2 (G2):
- The cell continues to grow and replicate organelles
- Enzymes needed to aid cell division are produced
Mitosis
Ice Penguins Move Around The Caps
Occurs in somatic cells
-Interphase
- Prophase (Early and Late)
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase (Early and Late)
-Cytokinesis
Prophase
Early Prophase:
-DNA coils and condenses to form chromosomes
Late Prophase:
- The nuclear envelope disintegrates
- The centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
- Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes
Metaphase
“Meet”
- The chromosomes align at the equator of the cell at the centre of the spindle fibre
- Sister chromatids are still attached by a centromere
Anaphase
“Apart”
- Spindle fibres shorten
- Centromeres divide and sister chromatids are separated
- Chromatids pulled by spindle fibres to opposite poles
Telophase
Early Telophase:
- Spindle fibres break down
- Chromosomes start to unwind
- Nuclear envelope is created
Late Telophase:
-Microtubules contract, pinching cell membrane and forming a cleavage furrow
Cytokinesis
The parental cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
Mitosis in Plants
All the same except:
Late Prophase - No centrioles so spindle fibres form on the cell wall and are straight and parallel to each other
Telophase/Cytokinesis - Segments of cell wall align at the equator and fuse together to form a cell plate which separates the cell
