NS infection - Important Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

How does polyomyelitis work?

A

Its an enterovirus (Type 1, 2, 3) that infects anterior horn cells of LMNs causing Asymmetric Flaccid paralysis (mainly in legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of poliomyelitis is used in the vaccine?

A

Trick question its all 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Rabies work?

A

transmitted by bite of saliva in open lesion

Neurotropic, so the virus gets into PNS and migrates to the CNS

  • Paraesthesia at site of lesion
  • Asc. Paralysis
  • Encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we diagnose Rabies?

A

PCR or Serology

These only work after the clinical disease is already apparant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the rabies vaccine work and who gets it in the UK?

A

Active immunisation using the killed virus.

Given to:

  • Bat Handlers
  • Handlers of imported animals
  • Travellers to enzootic areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do we treat Rabies after exposure?

A
# Wash the wound
# Give the Active Rabies Immunisation (Vaccine)
# Give Passive Immunisation (Human Rabies Immunoglobulin) if at high risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Tetanus work?

A

Clostridium Tetani (Anaerobic Gram +ve Baccilus)

Toxins block inhibition at NMJ causing rigidity and spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we prevent Tetanus?

A

Toxoid Immunisation

Penicillin & Immunoglobulin for high risk patients after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does botulism work?

A

Clostridium Botulinum (Anaerobic Gram +ve Bacillus)

Neurotoxin binds irreversibly to presynaptic membranes of NMJ & Autonomic junctions,
This blocks Ach release and they wont recover till new axons sprout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Clostridium Botulinum transmitted to humans?

A
  • Infantile intestinal colonisation
  • Food Borne
  • Wound (Injecting drugs mainly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Botulism present?

A

4-14 days incubation then:

  • Desc. Symmetrical Flaccid Paralysis
  • Incl. Resp Failure
  • Autonomic Dysfunction e.g. Pupil Dilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do we diagnose Botulism?

A
  • Nerve Conduction Studies
  • Culture from wound
  • Mouse Neutralisation Bioassay (For toxin in blood)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we treat Botulism?

A
  • Anti Toxin (A, B & E)
  • Penicillin/Metronidazole (prolonged treatment)
  • Radical Wound Debridement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly