Meiosis and Mitosis

Question 1

What are the 4 parts?

Answer 1

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 2

Describe prophase:

Answer 2

Chromatin becomes condensed
chromosomes become visible
nucleolus disappears
centrioles move to opposite poles

Question 3

Describe metaphase:

Answer 3

chromosomes are aligned along the equator

spindle fibres attach to centromeres

Question 4

Describe anaphase:

Answer 4

centromeres attach two chromosomes of each split chromosome

Spindle fibres pull chromatids apart

Question 5

Describe telophase:

Answer 5

Sister chromatids at opposite poles

now chromosomes again

Question 6

Describe 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis:

Answer 6

Meiosis only takes place in reproductive organs
Meiosis has 2 divisions and 4 daughter cells
daughter cells are different from each other and the parent cell

Question 7

Describe the difference between meiosis I and II

Answer 7

Meiosis I - chromosomes in two sets, one from each homologous pairs
Meiosis II - two chromatids from each chromosome split - two new daughter cells formed

Question 8

Describe prophase I:

Answer 8

Homologous pair up to form bivalents
chromosomes condense and become visible
nucleolus disappears
2 non-sister chromatids exchange sections with each other (crossing over)

Question 9

Describe metaphase I:

Answer 9

Homologous pairs align along the equator

Spindle fibres attach to centromeres

Question 10

Describe anaphase 1:

Answer 10

spindle contract, pull chromosomes to opposite poles
(difference between mitosis is chromatids are pulled apart)
Two chromosomes in age bivalent pair pulled apart

Question 11

Describe telophase I:

Answer 11

chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Each chromosome still consists of two chromatids
Nuclear membrane reforms

Question 12

What are homologous pairs?

Answer 12

Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size

Question 13

Where does meiosis occur?

Answer 13

In diploid cells

Gives rise to the gametes

Question 14

Prophase 1

Answer 14

Chromosomes condense and become visible as 2 chromatids
Spindle fibres form, nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Homologous pairs join to form bivalents

Question 15

Metaphase 1:

Answer 15

Homologous pairs line up on the equator

Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome

Question 16

Anaphase 1

Answer 16

Microtubules of spindle fibres contract and pull chromosomes pairs apart to opposite poles of the cell
Separation of cells lead to daughter cells becoming haploid

Question 17

Telophase 1

Answer 17

Chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell

Spindle fibres disappear, nuclear membrane reforms, nucleolus reforms & chromosomes unwind

Question 18

Prophase 2

Answer 18

Chromosomes condense , 2 chromatids become visible

Spindle fibres form, nucleolus disappears and nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 19

Metaphase 2

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of each cell

Question 20

Anaphase 2

Answer 20

Spindle fibres contract

Pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell

Question 21

Telophase 2

Answer 21

2 cells produced by meiosis 1 divide to form 4 haploid daughter cells
Chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell
Cytokinesis occurs

Question 22

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 22

Mitosis - Produce 2 daughter cells
Meiosis - produce 4 daughter cells
Mitosis - has 1 division
Meiosis - has 2 divisions
Mitosis - occurs in all cells
Meiosis - only occurs in sex cells
Mitosis - produce identical daughter cells
Meiosis - produce non-identical daughter cells 
Mitosis - produce haploid cells
Meiosis - produce diploid cells