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Anatomy > Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch3 > Flashcards

Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch3 Flashcards

1
Q

prenatal period

A

”"”before birth”” is the time between conception (the union of a egg and a sperm cell) and birth”

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2
Q

embryonic period

A

first 8 weeks of the prenatal period

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3
Q

fetal period

A

remaining 30 weeks of the prenatal period

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4
Q

embryo

A

technically, the stage in prenatal development between the third or fourth and eighth weeks inclusive. However, informally can encompass all stages (the early form of the body)

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5
Q

fetus

A

”"”the young in the womb”””

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6
Q

oocyte

A

immature egg

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7
Q

zygote

A

“fertilized oocyte (““a union””)”

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8
Q

cleavage

A

early division of cells, in which they multiply but grow smaller and smaller due to lack of time for cell growth

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9
Q

morula

A

”"”mulberry””, 12-16 cells generated by cleavage by about 72 hours after fertilization”

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10
Q

blastocyst

A

”"”bud or sprout; bag””, during day 4 the late morula (now ~60 cells) enters the uterus, takes up fluid which gathers into a central cavity–the new fluid-filled struture is called”

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11
Q

inner cell mass

A

cluster of cells on one side of the blastocyst cavity

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12
Q

trophoblast

A

(tropho=nourishment), the layer of cells surrounding the cavity

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13
Q

implantation

A

blastocyst starts to burrow into the wall of the uterus (day 6 for about a week)

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14
Q

bilaminar embryonic disc

A

made up of the epiblast and the hypoblast, 2 sheets of cells whose extensions form two fluid-filled sacs (about 9 days after fertilization)

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15
Q

amnion

A

outer membrane of the amniotic sac (formed by an extension of the eiblast)

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16
Q

amniotic sac cavity

A

“filled with amniotic fluid, buffers the developing embryo and fetus from physical shock until the time of birth (the water in ““water broke””)”

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17
Q

yolk sac

A

formed by an extension of the hypoblast, holds insignificant amount of yolk but the digestive tube forms from part of it; tissue around the ylok sac gives rise to the earliest blood cells and blood vessels

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18
Q

gastrulation

A

embryo grows from a two-layered disk to a three-layered disc during week 3; forms the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), the layers from which all body tissues develop

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19
Q

primitive streak

A

raised groove appears on the dorsal surface of the eiblast days 14-15; epiblast cells migrate inward at this streak

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20
Q

endoderm

A

the first cells that migrate through the primative streak displace the cells of the underlying hypoblast to become the endoderm (day 14-15)

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21
Q

mesoderm

A

(starting on day 16) the ingressing (through primitive streak) epiblast cells form a new layer between epiblast and endoderm, the mesoderm

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22
Q

ectoderm

A

“the epiblast cells that remain on the embryo’s dorsal surface make up the ectoderm”

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23
Q

epithelial tissues

A

or epithelia, sheets of tightly joined cells

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24
Q

mescenchyme tissue

A

”"”middle fluid””, any embryonic tissue with star-shaped cells that do not attach to one another”

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25
Q

primitive node

A

at one end of the primitive streak; cells go to form the notochord

26
Q

notochord

A

defines the body axis and is the site of the future vertebral column (appears on day 16, and by day 18 it reaches the future head region)

27
Q

neurulation

A

the forming of the spinal cord and brain

28
Q

induction

A

the ability of one group of cells to influence the developmental direction of other cells

29
Q

primitive gut

A

develops into the digestive tube and respiratory structures

30
Q

limb buds

A

the first rudiments of the limbs appear around day 28

31
Q

premature births

A

one that occurs before 38 weeks after conception

32
Q

”"”before birth”” is the time between conception (the union of a egg and a sperm cell) and birth”

A

prenatal period

33
Q

first 8 weeks of the prenatal period

A

embryonic period

34
Q

remaining 30 weeks of the prenatal period

A

fetal period

35
Q

technically, the stage in prenatal development between the third or fourth and eighth weeks inclusive. However, informally can encompass all stages (the early form of the body)

A

embryo

36
Q

”"”the young in the womb”””

A

fetus

37
Q

immature egg

A

oocyte

38
Q

“fertilized oocyte (““a union””)”

A

zygote

39
Q

early division of cells, in which they multiply but grow smaller and smaller due to lack of time for cell growth

A

cleavage

40
Q

”"”mulberry””, 12-16 cells generated by cleavage by about 72 hours after fertilization”

A

morula

41
Q

”"”bud or sprout; bag””, during day 4 the late morula (now ~60 cells) enters the uterus, takes up fluid which gathers into a central cavity–the new fluid-filled struture is called”

A

blastocyst

42
Q

cluster of cells on one side of the blastocyst cavity

A

inner cell mass

43
Q

(tropho=nourishment), the layer of cells surrounding the cavity

A

trophoblast

44
Q

blastocyst starts to burrow into the wall of the uterus (day 6 for about a week)

A

implantation

45
Q

made up of the epiblast and the hypoblast, 2 sheets of cells whose extensions form two fluid-filled sacs (about 9 days after fertilization)

A

bilaminar embryonic disc

46
Q

outer membrane of the amniotic sac (formed by an extension of the eiblast)

A

amnion

47
Q

“filled with amniotic fluid, buffers the developing embryo and fetus from physical shock until the time of birth (the water in ““water broke””)”

A

amniotic sac cavity

48
Q

formed by an extension of the hypoblast, holds insignificant amount of yolk but the digestive tube forms from part of it; tissue around the ylok sac gives rise to the earliest blood cells and blood vessels

A

yolk sac

49
Q

embryo grows from a two-layered disk to a three-layered disc during week 3; forms the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), the layers from which all body tissues develop

A

gastrulation

50
Q

raised groove appears on the dorsal surface of the eiblast days 14-15; epiblast cells migrate inward at this streak

A

primitive streak

51
Q

the first cells that migrate through the primative streak displace the cells of the underlying hypoblast to become the endoderm (day 14-15)

A

endoderm

52
Q

(starting on day 16) the ingressing (through primitive streak) epiblast cells form a new layer between epiblast and endoderm, the mesoderm

A

mesoderm

53
Q

“the epiblast cells that remain on the embryo’s dorsal surface make up the ectoderm”

A

ectoderm

54
Q

or epithelia, sheets of tightly joined cells

A

epithelial tissues

55
Q

”"”middle fluid””, any embryonic tissue with star-shaped cells that do not attach to one another”

A

mescenchyme tissue

56
Q

at one end of the primitive streak; cells go to form the notochord

A

primitive node

57
Q

defines the body axis and is the site of the future vertebral column (appears on day 16, and by day 18 it reaches the future head region)

A

notochord

58
Q

the forming of the spinal cord and brain

A

neurulation

59
Q

the ability of one group of cells to influence the developmental direction of other cells

A

induction

60
Q

develops into the digestive tube and respiratory structures

A

primitive gut

61
Q

the first rudiments of the limbs appear around day 28

A

limb buds

62
Q

one that occurs before 38 weeks after conception

A

premature births

Anatomy (42 decks)

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