Renate kriser (AKUTTMEDISIN)

Question 1

hva er oppgaven til urinsystemet

Answer 1

filtrerer blodet og fjerner metabosk avfall 5. styrer væske volum og bt, og elektrolytter og syre-base.

Question 2

hva er forskjell på ureters og urethra

Answer 2

ureters går fra nyrene til blæra

urethra går fra blæren og til do

Question 3

hvordan er det vanlig at en pasient med nyrestein opptrer

Answer 3

Is the patient changing position constantly in an attempt to find a comfortable position (“the kidney stone dance”)?

Question 4

sykdomsutvikling uvi

Answer 4

UTIs display a classic triad of symptoms: painful urination, frequent urges to urinate, and difficulty in urination. The pain usually begins as a visceral discomfort, but soon becomes an extreme, burning pain, especially during urination.
The pain, which remains localized in the pelvis, is often perceived as bladder pain in women and as prostate pain in men. Sometimes the pain is referred to the shoulder or neck. In addition, the urine may have a foul odor or cloudy appearance or may contain blood.

Question 5

hvordan fremstår en pasient med uvi i nedre urinveier og pyelonephritis or a perinephric abscess

Answer 5

Nedre: ofte normale vitalia. kan være rastløse og ukomfortable

øvre: ser klinisk mer dårlig ut, flank tenderness, generally have a fever, and may have unstable vital signs.

Question 6

årsaker hasteinkontinens

Answer 6

Urge incontinence has many potential medical causes, including UTI, medications, bladder irritants (eg, caffeine, carbonated drinks), bowel conditions, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, stroke, cancers of the uterus and the urinary system, or nervous system damage associated with multiple sclerosis.

Question 7

hva er Overflow incontinence. årsaker

Answer 7

This is a constant, continual slow flow of urine. Overflow incontinence can have medical causes, such
as a damaged bladder, blocked urethra, or nerve damage from diabetes, and prostate gland conditions in men

Question 8

disponerende faktorer nyrestein

Answer 8

faktorer som påvirker er diet og hydrering. General risk factors include a personal or family history of kidney stones, as well as hypertension.
and risk is increased in people with a history of gout, gastric bypass surgery, and certain metabolic disorders

Question 9

hva består de vanligste nyresteinene av

Answer 9

kalsiumoksalat og kalsiumfosfat

Question 10

hospital behandling nyrestein

Answer 10

sjokkbølger for å knuse steinene, cytoscopi med stenting eller PCN.

Question 11

prehospital behandling nyrestein

Answer 11

Management is focused on supporting the patient with hydration, pain control, and antiemetics. I

Question 12

hva er oliguria

Answer 12

Urine output of less than 500 mL/day

Question 13

hva heter det om man har ingen urin

Answer 13

anuri

Question 14

hvilke kroppslige symptomer kan man få av akutt nyresvikt

Answer 14

kan gå generaliserte ødemer, syre opphopning og høy kontenstrasjon av nitrogen og metabolsk avfall i blodet

Question 15

hvilke livskritiske følger kan akutt nyresvikt ha

Answer 15

AKI can lead to life-threatening volume overload, hyperkalemia, uremia, and metabolic acidosis.

Question 16

hva er Hepatorenalt syndrom

Answer 16

Hepatorenalt syndrom er en komplikasjon til akutt eller kronisk leversykdom og karakteriseres ved akutt nyresvikt og sirkulasjonsforstyrrelser.

Question 17

konsekvenser nyresvikt/skade

Answer 17

nyrenes oppgave er å filtrere blodet, og holder kontroll over bt, blodvolum, syre-base og elektrolyttbalansen.

forstyrrelser i dette jan gi hyperkalemia (an increase in the blood potassium level), metabolic acidosis (an increase in the hydrogen ion content of the blood), and uremia (an increase of urea in the blood). These conditions are life- threatening emergencies that can lead to fatal cardiac dysrhythmias secondary to hyperkalemia and acidosis, hypotension secondary to acidosis, and mental status changes secondary to uremia.

alvorlige former kan derfor gi endret mental status og hjertefeil

Question 18

hva er vanlige årsaker til kroniske nyresykdom

Answer 18

diabetes og hypertensjon eller congenital disorders or prolonged pyelonephritis.

Question 19

hva er uremi i følge boken

Answer 19

Uremia (an increased concentration of urea and other waste products in the blood)

Question 20

hvilke symptomer kan en pasient med kronsik nyresvikt ha?

Answer 20

Pasienter kan ha sløvhet og nedsatt bevissthet, kvalme, hodepine, kramper, tegn på anemi, svakhet, oppkast, anoreksi, økt tørste, kløe og hypertensjon.

Question 21

hva kan være årsaken til at en pasient er hypotensive and tachycardic

Answer 21

if dehydrated or infected.

Question 22

symptomer endestadiget nyresvikt

Answer 22

he patient with ESRD is chronically ill, and assessment findings can change based on the amount of time from the last dialysis. After dialysis, patients can appear well, but occasionally they will be weak or dehydrated. If a patient has missed dialysis, he or she will frequently present with signs of volume overload: shortness of breath and peripheral edema. If toxins have accumulated, the patient may have uremic frost, confusion, and muscle twitching.

Question 23

hvis en pasient med langtkommen nyresvikt får problemer med hjertet, hva er mest sannsynlig årsaken?

Answer 23

hyperkalemia

Question 24

komplikasjoner dialyse

Answer 24

Problems associated with dialysis may result from accidental disconnection from the machine, bleeding from a fistula or shunt, malfunction of the machine, or rapid shifts in fluids and electrolytes that produce hypotension, potassium imbalances, and disequilibrium syndrome.

Question 25

dialysepasienter mer utsatt for:

Answer 25

hjerteproblemer, MI, arytmier, hypertensjon, hjertetamponade, uremisk perikarditt

Question 26

symptomer på at man har skippet dialysen sin

Answer 26

People who miss dialysis treatments will often present with signs of electrolyte imbalance, including weakness of muscles, cramping, pulmonary edema, and uremic frost. Other general complications of dialysis include muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, and infections at the fistula or shunt site.

Question 27

hva er disequilibrium syndrome

når er det vanlig å utvikle dette og hvilke symptomer ser man?

Answer 27

a consequence of dialysis, water initially shifts from the bloodstream into the CSF, thereby mildly increasing intracranial pressure. When this occurs, the patient may experience disequilibrium syndrome, a condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion

Question 28

hva er Priapism

Answer 28

Langvarig ereksjon, priapisme, er langvarig ereksjon uten sammenheng med seksuell stimulering eller seksuell lyst.