Toksikologi (AKUTTMEDISIN)

Question 1

Hva er antidoten fir acetylkolin inhibitorer?

Answer 1

Atropine is the primary antidote for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.

Question 2

Hva er typisk ved de tre stegene ved etanylintox?

Answer 2

Stage 1. CNS depression, Stage 2. Cardiopulmonary symptoms, Stage 3. Flank pain, anuria, and hematuria

Question 3

Symptomer cyanid forgiftning?

Answer 3

Endert mental status. If awake enough to answer questions, then the patient may report a headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, vertigo, weakness, and dyspnea.

Question 4

Symptomer metanolintox?

Answer 4

Patient complaints include nausea and vomiting (in almost 50% of cases), headache or vertigo, abdominal pain (often from pancreatitis), and blurred vision (the patient may say, “It looks like a snowstorm”).

Question 5

Hva er symptomene på Organophosphates (plantemiddleforgiftning)?

Answer 5

Symptomene er dumbels; diare, urinering, miose, bradicardi, bonkospasme og bronchorrhea, emesis (oppkast), lacrimation (mye tårer i øyet) og seizures, salivation og sweting.

Question 6

Hva må man vurdere når man er innvolvert I toksiske kriser?

Answer 6

Toxicologic emergencies require you to think critically to identify the substances involved, determine your differential diagnosis, and formulate your treatment based on the anticipated clinical course of your patient.

Question 7

Vanlige symptomer CO forgiftnign?

Answer 7

Symptomer kan minne om influensa, med hodepine, kvalme og oppkast

Question 8

Symptomer sopp?

Answer 8

Hallusinerende liknende LSD, med signs and symptoms include muscle weakness, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, mydriasis, mild tachycardia, and mild hypertension. Noen kan få anfall og hypertermi.

Question 9

Symptoemr opioid?

Answer 9

euphoria, hypotension, respiratory depression, and pinpoint pupils. Depending on the particular agent, nausea, vomiting, and constipation may occur as well. With increased doses, coma, seizures (usually secondary to hypoxia), and cardiac arrest (usually secondary to respiratory arrest) are common.

Question 10

Hvordan virker LSD på cellenivå? Hvordan er effekten?

Answer 10

LSD is a serotonin receptor agonist. LSD has the ability to distort reality, change a person’s mood, or alter perceptions and/or reality.

Question 11

Hva er forskjellen på opiate og opioid?

Answer 11

Opiat er fra opiumsplanten (f.eks. morfin), mens opioid er den syntetiske fremstillingen (fentanyl, tramadol mm).

Question 12

SYmptomer PCP?

Answer 12

Symptomer er Slurred speech, staggering gait, tachycardia, hypertension, staring blankly for extended periods, and horizontal nystagmus. Users may also display extraordinary strength, have a sense of invincibility, or seem to lack awareness of pain, continuing to function despite significant orthopaedic injuries.

Question 13

Hvordan vikrer ketamin på cellenivå?

Answer 13

virker på NDMA reseptorene og my-opioid reseptorene som gi smertelindrende effect.

Question 14

Symptomer LSD?

Answer 14

Symptomer LSD er mild tachycardia, palpitations, mydriasis, and sweating. In a “bad trip,” the user has a vivid, frightening experience similar to a nightmare, resulting in an acute anxiety attack and the physical effects secondary to increased anxiety. The bad trip does not end until the drug wears off.

Question 15

Hvordan er den kroppslige følelsen av PCP/englestøv?

Answer 15

PCP has the ability to distort sight and sound and make the user feel separated from his or her own body

Question 16

Symptomer marijuana?

Answer 16

Marijuana may cause the user to have enhanced sensory perception and euphoria. These unusual effects may cause anxiety or panic. Common short-term effects of marijuana include tachycardia, balance and coordination problems, increased appetite, conjunctival injection, dry mouth, and possible memory loss

Question 17

Hva er rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 17

the destruction of muscle tissue leading to a release of potassium and myoglobin.

Question 18

Hvilek symptomer kan man se ved Bath salts / synthetic cathinones?

Answer 18

Significant paranoia, hallucinations, incredible strength, excited delirium, and other bizarre behaviors. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea, and hyperthermia may also be present.

Question 19

Hva er de farligste konsekvensene av nevrostimulerende stoffer?

Answer 19

The most life-threatening presentations of stimulant abuse include dysrhythmias, vascular events, hypertension, hyperthermia, seizures, and agitation.

Question 20

Forskjeller mellom symptombildet amfetamin og kokain?

Answer 20

Amfetmin har en lenger effet, ellers er symptomene nokså like.

Question 21

Hvordan virker kokain I kroppen?

Answer 21

Cocaine enhances the release and activity of neurotransmitters in the body, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The enhanced dopamine activity is responsible for the euphoria that features enhanced alertness and a tremendous sense of well-being. Gjør at man havner høyt oppe, og at man krasjer hardt

Question 22

Hva er det som gjør at alcohol kan bli livsturende?

Answer 22

One of the most significant risks to an acutely intoxicated person is from respiratory depression and/or aspiration of vomitus, secondary to the inability to protect his or her own airway. Ofte med promille på 4

Question 23

Hva er toksikologi?

Answer 23

Toxicology is the study of toxic or poisonous substances.

Question 24

Hva er gift?

Answer 24

A poison is a substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body.

Question 25

I hvilken sammenheng er Flunitrazepam/Rohypnol ofte blitt brukt?

Answer 25

Sekuelle overgrep

Question 26

Symptoemr syntetisk marijuana / spice?

Answer 26

Symptomer er psychosis, hallucinations, tachycardia, vomiting, renal conditions, and seizures. Virker på de same reseptorene som THC, men er farligere enn tradisjonell marijuana.

Question 27

Symptomer Sederende – benzo?

Answer 27

hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, drowsiness, disinhibition, ataxia, slurred speech, mental confusion, respiratory depression, progressive CNS depression, hypotension

Question 28

Symptomer Kloinerge (aktiverer para) ?

Answer 28

DUMBELS: (Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis [constriction of the pupils]/muscle weakness, Bradycardia/Bronchospasm/Bronchorrhea [discharge of mucus from the lungs], Emesis [vomiting], Lacrimation [excessive tearing of the eyes], Seizures/Salivation/Sweating); respiratory depression; apnea;

Question 29

Symptomer Antikolinerge (bremser para): atropine, antihistamin, tresykliske antihistam?

Answer 29

Agitation, dry mucous membranes, flushed skin, hyperthermia, tachycardia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, mild hallucinations, dramatic delirium

Question 30

Symptomer Nevrostimuleriende – meth, kokain?

Answer 30

Hypertension, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tachypnea, dilated pupils (mydriasis), agitation, seizures, hyperthermia, paranoia

Question 31

Hva er Speedballing?

Answer 31

refers to the simultaneous use of heroin and cocaine. Bade nervestimulerende og aktiverende (?).

Question 32

Hvilke krefttyper er ofte assosiert med alcohol?

Answer 32

Alcohol abuse is also a risk factor for some cancers, specifically cancer of the mouth and esophagus.

Question 33

Hva er syndromliknende symptomer / toxidromes?

Answer 33

Symptomer som er klassiske for en gruppe virkestoffer, f.eks. nevrostimulerende stoffer som kokain og Meth.

Question 34

Hvile fem hovedgrupper toxidromes har man?

Answer 34

narcotic, sympathomimetic, sedative-hypnotic, cholinergic, and anticholinergic

Question 35

Stmptomer narkotika (opioider)?

Answer 35

Hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, constricted (pinpoint) pupils, bradycardia, hypotension, track marks (intravenous [IV] drug abusers), drowsiness, stupor, coma

Question 36

Hva er viktige spørsmål å få svar på ved en overdose?

Answer 36

Hvilke stoff er tatt? Når og hvordan ble det tatt? Hvor mye ble tatt? Har der vært oppkast? Hvorfor ble stoffet tatt?