Natural Selection (W3-L2)

Question 1

What are the modes of selection?

Answer 1

Heterozygote advantage, directional, under-dominance

Question 2

Heterozygote Advantage

Answer 2

Selection favors the heterozygote phenotype (bell curve)

Question 3

Directional Selection

Answer 3

Selection favors a specific phenotype over the others, (bell curve with tail)

Question 4

Underdominance

Answer 4

Selection against heterozygote phenotype, leads to disruptive

Question 5

Balancing selection

Answer 5

broad definition of selection that maintains variation within the population

Question 6

Mean Fitness of the population

Answer 6

(Relative fitness of the genotypes)*(frequencies of the genotypes)

p^2(WAA)+2pq(WAa)+q^2(Waa)

Question 7

Survival Rate

Answer 7

surviving # of individuals with a genotype / original # of individuals with a genotype

Question 8

Relative fitness

Answer 8

survival rate of specific genotype / highest survival rate across all genotypes

Question 9

Selection coeffcients

Answer 9

the magnitude of selection against a particular genotype

1-WAA
1-WAa
1-Waa

Question 10

Frequency of surviving adults

Answer 10

(Genotype frequency * Relative fitness) / mean fitness

ex. AA : p^2WAA / Wmean

Question 11

Frequencies of alleles in respect to relative fitness

Answer 11

A=p^2WAA / Wmean + pqWAa/ Wmean

Question 12

Systematics

Answer 12

The study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time

ordering of the diversity of nature through construction of a classification

contains phylogenetic and taxonomy

Question 13

Taxonomy

Answer 13

The discovery, recognition, definition and naming of groups

organisms grouped together into taxa with rank

Question 14

Linnaean taxonomic system

Answer 14

taxa are assigned to a rank

species name is binomial : genus/species

Question 15

Problems with linnaean system

Answer 15

1. does not reflect phylogeny
2. content of taxon is primarily an issue of convention
3. ranks are based on convention
4. there are not enough ranks

Question 16

PHylogenetics

Answer 16

study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms resulting in a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups

hypothesis is represented by a phylogenetic tree of life

Question 17

What are the three domains of life

Answer 17

Eukaryokes, bacteria, archea

Question 18

Cladogenesis

Answer 18

evolution that results in the splitting of a lineage

Question 19

Anagenesius

Answer 19

evolution within a lineage