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EMT > 11-16 > Flashcards

11-16 Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Above oropharynx

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2
Q

Oropharynx

A

The middle part of the throat, behind the mouth

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Physical moving of air in and out of lungs

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4
Q

Oxygenation

A

Process of loading oxygen molecules into hemoglobin mol

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5
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 in alveoli

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6
Q

Partial Pressure

A

Amount of gas in air/dissolved in a fluid

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7
Q

Hypoxic Drive

A

Stimuli to breath is low O2

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8
Q

External Respiration

A

Alveoli expand and exchange O2 with CO2
- Passive diffusion

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9
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Echange of gas in blood
- Diffusion

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10
Q
  1. Ventilation
A

Chest rise and fall

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11
Q
  1. External Respiration
A

Diaphram movement

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12
Q
  1. Oxygenation
A

92% +

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13
Q
  1. Internal Respiration
A

Skin color

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14
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Too much CO2 in the blood

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15
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air leaks into pleura space

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16
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in pleural space

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17
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Air builds up in the chest cavity, but it can’t escape, causing pressure on heart and lungs, leading to shock

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18
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Covers the outer surface of lung tissue

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19
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Lines inside of thoracic cavity

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20
Q

Chromorecpetors

A

Monitor levels of O2, CO2, H+, pH
- Signal brain to breath with high CO2 levels

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21
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR)

A

Abnormal breathing with increased rate and depth

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22
Q

Apnea

A

No breathing

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23
Q

Oropharyngeal (OPA)

A

Tube in the mouth
1. Unresponsive
2. No gag reflex

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24
Q

Nasopharyngeal (NPA)

A

Tube in the nose
1. Semi or conscious pts
2. Gag reflex

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25
Oxygen Toxicity
Damaged cellular tissue due to excessive O2 levels in blood
26
Non-rebreather mask
Face mask that delivers a high concentration of oxygen
27
Nasal Cannula
Device that delivers supplemental oxygen through prongs inserted into the nostrils - Normal tube
28
Gastrict Distention
Inflation of stomach with air
29
Tracheostomy
Hole in neck
30
CPAP
Non-invasive ventilatory support for respiration - Drops blood pressure (Needs to be 100+) - Only works if breathing is adequate - Increased pressure in lungs to push water
31
Wheezing
High-pitch - Obstruction/narrow in lower airway
32
Stridor
High-pitch- During inspiration - Partial blockage of upper airway
33
Endotracheal Intubation (ET)
Insertion of tube in trachea to maintain airway (mouth or nose)
34
Agonist
Causes stimulation of receptors
35
Antagonist
Binds to a receptor + blocks medication/chemicals
36
Dose
of medication given
37
Action
Therapeutic effect that a medication is expected in have in body
38
Beta 1
Raise heart rate
39
Beta 2
Dialation of bronchi
40
Pharmacokinetics
Actions of body upon medication
41
Pharmacokinetic properties of medication:
1. Onset of action- Time of medication 2. Duration 3. Elimination- How medication is removed from body 4. Peak- Max effects
42
Generic Name
Official, non-proprietary name for a drug
43
Trade Name
Name given to the drug by the company that produces it ( brand name)
44
Per Rectum
- PR - by rectum
45
Per mouth/oral
- PO -by motuh
46
Intravenous
- IV - vein
47
Introsseous
- IO - Bone
48
Subcutaneous
- SC - Skin
49
Intramuscular
- IM - Muscle
50
Sublingual
- SL - Under tongue
51
Intranasal
- IN - Nostril
52
Inhalation
- Inhaled through lungs
53
Metered Dose Inhaler
- MDI - Same dose every time squirted
54
Asperin
- PO - Anti-inflammatory/ Anti-fever - Prevents platelets from forming a clot For: Fever/headache/muscle aches
55
Nitroglycerin
- SL - Dilates blood vessels For: Chest pain
56
Epinephrine
- IM - Bronchodilation For: Anaphylactic reaction
57
Naloxone (Narcan)
- IM, IN - Reverses resp. depression For: Opioid poisoning
58
Ipratropium ( Albuterol)
- Inhalation - Causes brinchodilation For: Asthma/ Difficulty breathing
59
Antiplatelet
Prevent platelets from clumping together
60
Shock
Inadequate cellular perfusion
61
Anticoagulant
Slow down the overall blood clotting process
62
Pulse Pressure
Systolic- Diastolic= Pulse Pressure
63
Cardiovascular System 3 parts:
1. Pump (heart) 2. Pipes (Vessels/Arteries) 3. Contents (Blood)
64
3 Types of shock
1. Pump Failure 2. Low Fluid Volume 3. Poor Vessel Function
65
Cardiogenic Shock
Not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of body - Crackle sounds (Fluid in lungs)
66
Septic Shock
Caused by severe infection (Bacterial) - Hot skin (fever)
67
Obstructive Shock
Block to blood flow in heart or great vessels - Narrow pulse
68
Neurogenic Shock
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves, leading to vasodilation - Spinal injury
69
Anaphylactic Shock
Caused by an allergic reaction - 2 or more systems involved - hives
70
Psychogenic
Caused by sudden, temporary restriction of blood supply to the brain (faint) - Self-regulating
71
Hyperventilation
Breathing that is excessively fast and deep, leading to a decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels
72
Ischemia
Restricted blood flow and oxygen supply to a specific part of the body, leading to tissue damage and potentially cell death
73
Trauma Emergencies
Injuries from physical force on body
74
Medical Emergency
Illness/conditions caused by disease
75
Infectious diseases
Illnesses caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi entering the body and causing infection.
76
Communicable diseases
Infectious diseases that can be spread from person to person
77
Menengitis
Inflammation caused by virus/bacteria of protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
78
Virus
Immune system fights
79
Bacteria
Antibiotics fights
80
Upper Airway Parts
1. Nose + mouth 2. Jaw 3. Oral cavity 4. Pharynx 5. Larynx
81
Left Lung
2 Lobes
82
Right Lung
3 Lobes
83
Emphasyma
Alveoli merge and become inelastic - Gas cannot exchange - Surplus of O2 = barrel chest
84
Bacterial
1. Bronchiolitis 2. Pneumonia 3. Epiglottitis 4. Acute Pulmonary Edema 5. Pertussis 6. Tuberculosis (TB)
85
Viral
1. Bronchiolitis 2. Pneumonia 3. Croup 4. RSV 5. Influenza Type A
86
Croup
Viral inflammation of airway causing partial airway obstruction - Humidified oxygen + cool air
87
Epiglottitis
Bacterial infection of epiglottis + may cause upper airway obstruction - Antibiotics - Fine to sick quick- Life-threatning
88
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Viral infection of lungs - Dehydration + mucus build up (Break with water)
89
Bronchiolitis
Bronchioles become infected, swollen, and mucus - Oxygen + suction (ball siringe) + drops of saline in nostrils - Children under 2 - Caused by RSV
90
Pneumonia
Bacterial/viral infection of lung not corrected where tissue is now dying
91
Pertusis
Airborne bacterial infection for under 6yrs old - Fever + dehydration - Severely contagious
92
Influenza (Type A)
Viral infection - Fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue
93
Tuberculosis (TB)
Airborne bacterial infection - Hemoptysis, fever, coughing,
94
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Sudden fluid in lungs - Heart muscle cannot circulate - Fluid within alveoli - Frothy pink spetum
95
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Lung disease that disrupts airway in alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction - Emphasyma- Alveoli turn into one= bad gas exchange - Chronic Bronchitis- Mucus in alveoli= Struggle to get H2O and CO2 out
96
Asthma
Acute spasms of bronchioles - Execisse mucus production + swelling of mucus membrane - Poor to no gas exchange - Quick inhale, slow exhale
97
Hay Fever
Allergic response to airborne allergens
98
Anaphilectic
Systemic respiratory reaction - Total obstruction + severe swelling
99
Pneumothorax
Puncture in lungs that leaks air into thorax cavity - Dyspneic + BP <90
100
Pleural Effusion
Fluid in pleural sac - Dyspneic - Liquid can cause infection + lung cannot fully expand
101
Pulmonary Embolism
Blood clot blocks artery in lung - Circ. can be cut off - Dysp/tachypnea, tachycardia, hemoptisys
102
Hyperventilation
Increase/decrease in CO2 levels (35-45 normal)
103
Wheezes
1. Asthma 2. COPD 3. CHF/ Pulmonary edema 4. Pneumonia 5. Bronchitis 6. Anaphylaxis
104
Ronchi
1. COPD 2. Pneumonia 3. Bronchitis
105
Crackles
1. CHF/ Pulmonary edema 2. Epiglottitis
106
Decreased/ Absent breath sounds
1. Asthma 2. COPD 3. Pneumonia 4. Hemothorax 5. Pneumothorax 6. Atelectasis

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