11. acids, bases and salts

Question 1

laboratory acids

Answer 1

sulfuric acid H2So4
hydrochloric acid HCl
nitric acid HNO3
ethanoic acid CH3COOH

Question 2

bases

Answer 2

oxides and hydroxides of metals

Question 3

laboratory alkalis

Answer 3

[soluble bases (they are hydroxides)]
calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
sodium hydroxide NaOH
potassium hydroxide KOH

Question 4

indicators

Answer 4

(indicator - acid - alkali)
litmus - red - blue
methyl orange - red- yellow
thymolphthalein - colourless- blue

Question 5

pH scale

Answer 5

acids - 7>
alkalis - 7<
neutral 0- exact 7

Question 6

acid reactions

Answer 6

1 with metals: acid + metals -> salt + hydrogen
2 with bases: acid + base -> salt + water
3 with carbonates: acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 7

reactions with bases

Answer 7

1 base + acid -> salt + water
2 bases such as sodium, potassium and calcium hydroxides react with ammonium salts driving out ammonia gas

Question 8

neutralisation

Answer 8

is a reaction with acid that gies water as well as a salt

Question 9

ionic equation for neutraliisation of an acid by an alkali

Answer 9

1. write out the full equation showing all ions
2. cross out repeating ions
3. left is ionic equation

Question 10

acids are proton donors

Answer 10

bases are proton acceptors

Question 11

oxides

Answer 11

compounds containing oxygen and another element

Question 12

basic oxides

Answer 12

metal + oxygen

Question 13

amphoteric oxide

Answer 13

reacts with both acids and alkalis

Question 14

11.7 go thru

Question 15

find concentration by titration

Answer 15

1. do titration
2. calculate no of moles
3. find molar ratio of acid to alkali
4. work out no of moles of acid neutralised
5. calculate concentration of acid (no of moles/volume)