11. Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
Provide the definition of Biodiversity.
Variety of living organisms
Name the 3 types of diversity.
Species, Genetic and Ecological
What is Specie diversity?
Number of species in any given area.
What is Genetic diversity?
Genetic variation within one species to allow it to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
What is Ecological diversity?
Variety of ecosystems in a geological area.
Name the 3 types of species.
- Alien (exotic)
- Indigenous
- Endemic
What are Alien species?
Living organisms brought to an area that doesn’t naturally occur in the area.
What are Indigenous species?
Occurs naturally in more than one area.
What are Endemic species?
Occurs in one area only
Name the 3 Biodiversity Hot spots in SA.
- Cape Floral Kingdom
- The Succulent Karoo
- Maputu-Pondoland
Provide the definition of Taxonomy.
Sorting and grouping organisms with similar features.
What are the 2 branches in Taxonomy?
- Nomenclature
- Systematics
What is nomenclature classification?
Naming of organisms
What is Systemic classification?
Placing of organisms into groups
List animal classification in order.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What did Aristole come up with?
Two kingdom system of plants and animals
What did Carl Linnaeus come up with?
Binomial nomenclature
What did Robert Whittaker come up with?
Five kingdom system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
What did Carl Woese come up with?
3 Domain system of Eubacteria, Archea and Eukarya
What is Archea?
Prokaryotic bacteria living in extreme conditions.
What are Eukaryotic cells?
Has membrane bound organelles and nucleus.
What are Prokaryotic cells?
No membrane bound organelles and nucleus
Give 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- P: no true nuclei
E: true nuclei - P: DNA not enclosed by nuclear membrane
E: DNA enclosed by nuclear membrane - P: no true organelles
E: true organelles
List the 5 Kindgom classifications.
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
