11: Bradykinin, neuropeptides, cytokines, and chemokines

Question 1

peptides are ___ 50 amino acids`

Question 2

peptides are ___ 50 amino acids`

Question 3

proteins are ____ amino acids

Answer 3

more than 50

Question 4

gene to

Answer 4

mRNA to protein to peptide

Question 5

what cuts out active peptide

Answer 5

proteolytic enzymes

Question 6

what determines the amount of peptide/ protein

Answer 6

abundance of mRNA

transcriptional control + regulation of degredation

Question 7

removes introns and some exons to produce different products

Answer 7

alternative splicing

Question 8

amidation, glycosylation, acetylation, etc are

Answer 8

posttranslational modifications

Question 9

4 types of pharmacological mediators

Answer 9

1. neurotransmitters/ neuropeptides and neuroendocrine mediators
2. hormones from nonneural sources
3. growth factors
4. mediators of the immune system

Question 10

neuropeptides are often released as

Answer 10

cotransmitters along with nonpeptide NT

Question 11

substance P and neurkinin A, CGRP, and NPY are examples of

Answer 11

neuropeptides

Question 12

what causes neurogenic inflammation

Answer 12

neuropeptides

Question 13

where are neuropeptides released

Answer 13

peripheral ending of nociceptive sensory neurons

Question 14

erenumab is used for

Answer 14

is a monoclonal antibody against CGRP

used for migraines

Question 15

bradykinin is a

Answer 15

nonneuronal hormone peptide mediator

Question 16

where and how is bradykinin generated

Answer 16

within the plasma from protein kininogen by protease kallikrein

Question 17

what inactivates Bk

Answer 17

ACE

Question 18

Bk binds

Answer 18

2 GPCR = B1 and B2

Question 19

pharmacological effects of Bk

Answer 19

vasodilation (NO and PGI2)
vascular permeability
stimulates nerve endings for pain
stimulates fluid secretion in airways and GI
contracts intestinal and uterine smooth muscle

Question 20

Growth factors are generally large proteins

Answer 20

F- small

Question 21

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

Answer 21

kinase linked receptors

Question 22

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

Answer 22

kinase linked receptors

Question 23

proteins are ____ amino acids

Answer 23

more than 50

Question 24

gene to

Answer 24

mRNA to protein to peptide

Question 25

what cuts out active peptide

Answer 25

proteolytic enzymes

Question 26

what determines the amount of peptide/ protein

Answer 26

abundance of mRNA | transcriptional control + regulation of degredation

Question 27

removes introns and some exons to produce different products

Answer 27

alternative splicing

Question 28

amidation, glycosylation, acetylation, etc are

Answer 28

posttranslational modifications

Question 29

4 types of pharmacological mediators

Answer 29

1. neurotransmitters/ neuropeptides and neuroendocrine mediators 2. hormones from nonneural sources 3. growth factors 4. mediators of the immune system

Question 30

neuropeptides are often released as

Answer 30

cotransmitters along with nonpeptide NT

Question 31

substance P and neurkinin A, CGRP, and NPY are examples of

Answer 31

neuropeptides

Question 32

what causes neurogenic inflammation

Answer 32

neuropeptides

Question 33

where are neuropeptides released

Answer 33

peripheral ending of nociceptive sensory neurons

Question 34

erenumab is used for

Answer 34

is a monoclonal antibody against CGRP | used for migraines

Question 35

bradykinin is a

Answer 35

nonneuronal hormone peptide mediator

Question 36

where and how is bradykinin generated

Answer 36

within the plasma from protein kininogen by protease kallikrein

Question 37

what inactivates Bk

Answer 37

ACE

Question 38

Bk binds

Answer 38

2 GPCR = B1 and B2

Question 39

pharmacological effects of Bk

Answer 39

vasodilation (NO and PGI2) vascular permeability stimulates nerve endings for pain stimulates fluid secretion in airways and GI contracts intestinal and uterine smooth muscle

Question 40

Growth factors are generally large proteins

Answer 40

F- small

Question 41

GF bind mostly to

Answer 41

kinase linked receptors

Question 42

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

Answer 42

kinase linked receptors

Question 43

2 examples of drugs inhibiting GF signalling

Answer 43

erlotinib and sunitinib

Question 44

what protein/ polypeptide mediators are synthesized by immune cells during inflammation

Answer 44

cytokines

Question 45

what do cytokines do

Answer 45

regulate actions of immune and inflammatory cells

Question 46

T or F: cytokines are normally undetected in blood but become highly uprefulated during inflammation

Answer 46

T

Question 47

most cytokines act on

Answer 47

kinase linked receptors to stimulate phosphorylation based signaling to alter gene expression

Question 48

4 types of cytokines

Answer 48

interleukins chemokines interferons colony stimulating factors

Question 49

mediators that signal between leukocytes

Answer 49

interleukins

Question 50

interleukins are primarily

Answer 50

pro inflammatory

Question 51

IL-4 is an

Answer 51

antiinflammatory interleukin

Question 52

TNFalpha and IL-1alpha/ beta are

Answer 52

inflammatory interleukins

Question 53

adalimumab is a drug that

Answer 53

blocks proinflammatory cytokines | monoclonal antibody against TNF alpha

Question 54

what is adalimumab used to treat

Answer 54

rheumatoid arthritis, chrohn's disease

Question 55

what type of cytokines are chemoattractants

Answer 55

chemokines

Question 56

what are grouped according to key cysteine residues in peptide chains

Answer 56

chemokines

Question 57

interferons interfere with

Answer 57

viral replication

Question 58

IFNalpha is an

Answer 58

interferon used to treat chronic hep B and C | some malignant diseases

Question 59

what interferons is used to treat relapsing MS

Answer 59

IFN beta

Question 60

what is used in immunodeficiency disease to reduce infection

Answer 60

IFN gamma

Question 61

colony stimulating factors are

Answer 61

cytokines that overlap with growth factors

Question 62

epoietin is an

Answer 62

CSF used to treat anemia/ for blood doping | stimulates increase in erythropoietin

Question 63

filgrastim is a

Answer 63

recombinant grandulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 64

what is used to treat neutropenia

Answer 64

filgrastim