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bio > 1.1 Characteristics of living organisms > Flashcards

1.1 Characteristics of living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms? (MRS GREN)

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Movement

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Respiration

A

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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4
Q

Sensitivity

A

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

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5
Q

Growth

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

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6
Q

Reproduction

A

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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7
Q

Excretion

A

the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

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8
Q

Nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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9
Q

Species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

How can organisms be classified

A

organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share

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11
Q

The sequence of classification is
(King Philips Came Over For Good Soup)

A

Kingdom,
Phylum,
Class,
Order,
Family,
Genus,
Species

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12
Q

The binomial system of naming species is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing ______ and _____

A
  • the genus (always given a capital letter) and followed by the species (starting with a lower case letter)
  • When typed, binomial names are always in italics (which indicates they are Latin) e.g. Homo sapiens
  • When written should be underlined
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13
Q

Studies of DNA sequences of different species show what?

A

These show that the more similar the base sequences in the DNA of two species, the more closely related those two species are.

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14
Q

What is the first division of living things in the classification system?

A

the five kingdoms

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15
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms of classification?

A
  • Animal
  • Plant
  • Fungus
  • Prokaryote (Bacteria)
  • Protoctist
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16
Q

Heterotroph

A

organisms that eat other organisms for energy and nutrients
cannot make its own food

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17
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Its cells have a nucleus that contains the cells DNA

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18
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Its cells don’t have a real nucleus, so its DNA floats in the cytoplasm

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19
Q

What are the main features of all animals?

A
  • examples: Humans, Tigers, Lions, Birds
  • multicellular
  • cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
  • Heterotrophic
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20
Q

Main features of all plants:

A
  • examples: flowers, apple trees
  • multicellular
  • Their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
  • autotrophs- make their own food by photosynthesis
21
Q

Main features of all fungi

A
  • e.g. moulds, mushrooms(multicellular), yeast(unicellular)
  • usually multicellular
  • cell walls made of chitin (no chlorophyll
  • saprotrophic (feed on dead or decaying material) or parasitic (on live material) nutrition
22
Q

What are the main features of all protoctists?

A
  • e.g. Amoeba,
  • Most are unicellular but some are multicellular
  • All have a nucleus, some may have cell walls and chloroplasts
  • Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
    (this means that some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances made by other living things)
23
Q

What are the main features of all prokaryotes?

A
  • e.g bacteria
  • unicellular
  • have cell walls, and cytoplasm but NO nucleus or mitochondria
  • cell wall made from peptidoglycan
  • Autotrophic or hetrotrophic
24
Q

What do the cell walls of fungi cells contain?

A

chitin

25
Q

What is the cell wall of prokaryotes made from?

A

peptidoglycan

26
Q

What 2 types of plants are in the plant kingdom?

A

Ferns and flowering plants

27
Q

What features do ferns have?

A
  • Have leaves called fronds
  • Do not produce flowers
  • reproduce by spores produced on the underside of their fronds
28
Q

What features do flowering plants have?

A
  • Reproduce using flowers and seeds
  • Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flowers
29
Q

flowering plants divided into two groups

A

monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

30
Q

Features of Monocotyledons

A
  • Flowers parts (petals) in multiples of 3
  • Long Narrow Leaf
  • Parallel veins
  • eg- grasses, lily
31
Q

Features of Dicotyledons

A
  • Flowers parts (petals) in multiples of 4 or 5
  • Broad leaves
  • Branching veins
  • eg- sunflower, rose
32
Q

What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

A
  • mammals
  • birds
  • reptiles
  • amphibians
  • fish
33
Q

What do all vertebrates have?

A

a backbone

34
Q

What main features do mammals have? (6)

A
  • breathe with lungs
  • fur/hair on skin
  • give birth to live young
  • young feed on milk from mammary glands
  • external ears (pinna) visible
  • warm-blooded (Endothermic)
35
Q

What main features do birds have? (5)

A
  • skin covered in feathers
  • have 2 legs and 2 wings instead of forelimbs
  • lay eggs with hard shell on land
  • have a beak
  • warm-blooded (Endothermic)
36
Q

What main features do reptiles have? (4)

A
  • dry, fixed scales on the skin
  • lay soft-shelled eggs on land
  • cold-blooded
  • breathe with lungs
37
Q

Name 3 examples of a reptile.

A

Lizards, crocodiles, and snakes.

38
Q

What main features do amphibians have? (4)

A
  • Smooth, moist skin
  • lay eggs without shells in water
  • Gills (tadpoles) & Lungs (adult) can live on land and water
  • cold-blooded
39
Q

2 examples of amphibians

A

frogs,Newts, toads

40
Q

What main features do fish have? (4)

A
  • wet scales on skin
  • gills to breathe
  • lay eggs without shells in water
  • cold-blooded
41
Q

What characteristic do all arthropods have?

A

have a exoskeleton
they have jointed legs

42
Q

What are the four classes of arthropods

A
  • crustaceans
  • myriapods
  • insects
  • arachnids
43
Q

(3) What main features do myriapods have? And e.g.

A
  • body consists of many segments
  • 10+ pairs of legs, 1 or 2 pairs on each segment
  • 1 pair of antennae
    (e.g. centipedes)
44
Q

What main features do insects have? And e.g.

4

A
  • 3 part body (head, thorax and abdomen)
  • 3 pairs of jointed legs
  • 2 pairs of wings
  • 1 pair of antennae
    (e.g. bees)
45
Q

What main features do arachnids have? And e.g.

3

A
  • 2 part body - cephalothorax and abdomen
  • 4 pairs of jointed legs
  • no antennae
    (e.g. spiders)
46
Q

What main features do crustaceans have? And e.g.

4

A
  • more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
  • chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium
  • breathe through gills
  • 2 pairs of antennae
    (e.g. crabs)
47
Q

Are viruses part of any classification systems? Why?

A

Viruses are not part of any classification system as they are not considered living things because they do not carry out the seven life processes for themselves

48
Q

Viruses do not carry out the seven life processes for themselves. What do they do instead?

A

Instead, they take over a host cell’s metabolic pathways to make multiple copies of themselves.

49
Q

What does a virus contain?

A

Viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) inside a protein coat, relying on host cells for replication and survival.

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