7.1 Diet

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

A balanced diet consists of all of the food groups in the correct proportions

Question 2

What are the necessary food groups?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Dietary Fibre
Water

Question 3

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy (in respiration in cells)

Question 4

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 4

growth and repair

Question 5

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 5

insulation, energy storage and protection around delicate organs

Question 6

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 6

provides bulk (roughage) for the intestine to push food through it

Question 7

What is the function of vitamins and minerals?

Answer 7

needed in small quantities to maintain health

Question 8

What is the function of water?

Answer 8

needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells

Question 9

What are sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

bread, cereals, pasta, potatoes

Question 10

What are sources of proteins?

Answer 10

meat, fish, eggs, pulses,

Question 11

What are sources of lipids?

Answer 11

butter, oil,

Question 12

What are sources of dietary fibre?

Answer 12

vegetables, whole grains

Question 13

What are sources of vitamins?

Answer 13

fruits and vegetables

Question 14

What are sources of minerals?

Answer 14

fruits and vegetables, meats, dairy products

Question 15

What 4 specific vitamins and minerals do we need?

Answer 15

vitamin c
vitamin d
calcium (min)
iron (min)

Question 16

What are sources of water?

Answer 16

water, juice, milk, fruits and vegetables

Question 17

What is the function of vitamin c n deficiency ?

Answer 17

• forms an essential part of collagen protein which makes up skin, hair, gums and bones
• deficiency causes scurvy

Question 18

What is the function of vitamin d?

Answer 18

helps the body to absorb calcium and so required for strong bones and teeth

Question 19

What is the function of calcium and deficiency?

Answer 19

• needed for strong teeth and bone and involved in the clotting of blood
• deficiency can lead to rickets

Question 20

What is the function of iron and deficiency?

Answer 20

• needed to make haemoglobin, the pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
• deficiency leads to anaemia

Question 21

What are the sources of vitamin C?

Answer 21

citrus fruit (oranges, lemons)
strawberries
green vegetables

Question 22

What are sources of vitamin d?

Answer 22

• oily fish,
• eggs,
• dairy products,
• also made naturally by the body in sunlight

Question 23

What are sources of calcium?

Answer 23

• milk,
• cheese,
• eggs

Question 24

What are sources of iron?

Answer 24

• red meat,
• liver,
• leafy green vegetables like spinach

Question 25

What does a vitamin d deficiency lead to?

Answer 25

causes RICKETS - Symptoms include: * Bone pain * Lack of bone growth * Soft, weak bones (sometimes causing deformities) (this is because vitamin D is needed for absorption of calcium into the body which is a key component of bones and teeth)

Question 26

What does an iron deficiency lead to?

Answer 26

causes ANAEMIA -causes tiredness - where there are not enough red blood cells so tissues do not get enough oxygen delivered to them (this is because iron is a key component of haemoglobin)

Question 27

What does an Vitamin C deficiency lead to? ## Footnote should symp mention too

Answer 27

* Scurvy symptoms- * Exhaustion * very dry skin and hair * bleeding under skin and around the gums

Question 28

What is malnutrition caused by?

Answer 28

Malnutrition is caused by not eating a balanced diet

Question 29

What does the type of malnutrition depend on?

Answer 29

There are different types of malnutrition depending on the cause of the imbalance

Question 30

What 4 types of malnutrition are there?

Answer 30

Starvation Coronary heart disease Constipation Obesity

Question 31

What is the cause of starvation?

Answer 31

taking in less energy than is used (over a long period)

Question 32

What is the cause of coronary heart disease?

Answer 32

diet too high in saturated fat and cholesterol

Question 33

What is the cause of constipation?

Answer 33

lack of fibre in the diet

Question 34

What is the cause of obesity?

Answer 34

taking in more energy than is used

Question 35

What is the effect of starvation?

Answer 35

body starts to break down energy stores - first fat and then muscle tissue leading to severe weight loss and eventually damage to heart and immune system, increasing the risk of many diseases

Question 36

What is the effect of coronary heart disease?

Answer 36

fat deposits build up in arteries supplying the heart, reducing flow of blood to the heart muscle cells which do not work properly due to the lack of oxygen. Can lead to heart attacks and death

Question 37

What is the effect of constipation?

Answer 37

Food lacks bulk for muscles to push it through the alimentary canal and so risk of diseases such as bowel cancer are increased

Question 38

What is the effect of obesity?

Answer 38

extra energy stored as fat, weight increases and contributes to development of many diseases such as heart disease and diabetes

Question 39

What 4 factors affect dietary needs?

Answer 39

age activity levels pregnancy breastfeeding

Question 40

How does age affect dietary needs?

Answer 40

The amount of energy that young people need increases towards adulthood as this energy is needed for growth. Children need a higher proportion of protein in their diet than adults as this is required for growth. Energy needs of adults decrease as they age

Question 41

How do activity levels affect dietary needs?

Answer 41

The more active, the more energy required for movement as muscles are contracting more and respiring faster

Question 42

How does pregnancy affect dietary needs?

Answer 42

During pregnancy, energy requirements increase as energy is needed to support the growth of the developing foetus, as well as the larger mass that the mother needs to carry around extra calcium and iron are also needed in the diet to help build the bones, teeth and blood of the foetus

Question 43

How does breastfeeding affect dietary needs?

Answer 43

energy requirements increase and extra calcium still needed to make high quality breast milk