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3rd Year - Paediatrics > 11. Children with Special Needs > Flashcards

11. Children with Special Needs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of Child Development?

A

The Process by which each Child Evolves from Infancy to Adulthood:

  1. Gross Motor Skills
  2. Fine Motor Skills
  3. Speech and Language
  4. Social / Personal / Activities of Daily Living
  5. Self-Help / Performance and Cognition
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2
Q

What are the Features of Normal Child Development?

A
  1. A Constant Pattern
  2. Sequential Acquisition of Skills
  3. Median Age vs Limit Age
  4. Genetic Factors
  5. Environmental Influences
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3
Q

What is Developmental Delay?

A

Developmental Delay is Present when Functional Aspects of the Childs Development in One or More Domains (Motor / Language / Cognitive / Social / Emotional) Are Significantly Delayed Compared to the Expected Level for Age

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4
Q

What is the Difference between:

  1. Global Developmental Delay?
  2. Learning Disability?
A
  1. Global Developmental Delay - Performance Below 2 Standard Deviations below Mean of Age-Appropriate Norm-Referenced Testing
  2. Learning Disability is a Significant Impairment in Intellectual Functioning and Affects the Person’s Ability to Learn and Problem-Solve in their Daily Life
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5
Q

How do Children with Special Needs Present?

A
  1. Routine Health Surveillance
  2. Children with Identified Risk Factors
  3. Parental Concern
  4. Professional Contact - Nursery / Daycare
  5. Opportunistic Health Contact
  6. The UK Healthy Child Programme
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6
Q

How is Development Assessed?

A
  1. History and Examination
  2. Prenatal / Perinatal / Postnatal Events
  3. Developmental Milestones
  4. The “Red Book”
  5. Environmental / Social / Family History
  6. Video Recordings of Child
  7. Observation in Clinic / Other Settings
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7
Q

What are the Primary / Secondary Care Assessment Tools for Children with Special Needs?

A

Primary Care:
1. Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
2. Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)
3. M-CHAT (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers)
4. SOGS-2 (Schedule of Growing Skills)
Secondary Care:
1. Griffiths Mental Development Scales
2. Bayley Scales of Infant Development
3. Wechsler Preschool / Primary Scales of Intelligence

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8
Q

What are the Different Quantification’s of Development Abilities?

A
  1. All Areas of Development are Appropriate
  2. Delay: Global or Isolated
  3. Disorder - Abnormal Progression and Presentation
  4. Regression - Loss of Milestones
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9
Q

What is looked at in a Paediatric Examination?

A
  1. Head Circumference
  2. Dysmorphic Features
  3. Skin Abnormalities
  4. Movement Quality
  5. Ability to Sit / Stand from Supine
  6. Eye Movements / Examination
  7. General Examination: CVS / Resp. / Abdo.
  8. Observation of Behaviour
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10
Q

What are common Syndromes?

A
  1. Down’s Syndrome
  2. Fragile X Syndrome
  3. William’s Syndrome
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11
Q

What are the Positive Red Flag Signs for Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Loss of Developmental Skill
  2. Concerns Regarding Vision / Hearing
  3. Floppiness
  4. No Speech by 18-24 Months
  5. Asymmetry of Movement
  6. Persistent Toe-Walking
  7. Head Circumference >99.6th or < 0.4th Centile
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12
Q

What are the Negative Red Flag Signs for Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Sit Unsupported by 12 Months
  2. Walk by 18 Months (Boys) / 2 Years (Girls) - Check Creatinine Kinase
  3. Walk other than on Tip-Toes
  4. Run by 2.5 Years
  5. Hold Objects in Hand by 5 Months
  6. Reach for Objects by 6 Months
  7. Points to Objects to Share Interest by 2 Years
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13
Q

What Testing is Available for Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Genetic Testing - Chromosomal Analysis
  2. Creatine Kinase
  3. Thyroid Screening
  4. Metabolic Testing - Amino/Orgainc Acids / NH3 / Lactate
  5. Ophthalmological Examination
  6. Auditory Assessment
  7. Neuroimaging
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14
Q

What are common Motor Problems in Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Delayed Maturation
  2. Cerebral Palsy
  3. Developmental Coordination Disorder
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15
Q

What are common Sensory Problems in Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Deafness
  2. Visual Impairment
  3. Multisensory Impairment
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16
Q

What are common Language / Cognitive Problems in Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Specific Language Impairment

2. Learning Disability

17
Q

What are common Social / Communication Problems in Children with Special Needs?

A
  1. Autism
  2. Asperger’s Syndrome
  3. Elective Mutism
18
Q

What are the Stages of Parental Response to Receiving the News of their Child Having Special Needs?

A
  1. Shock
  2. Anger Time
  3. Disbelief
  4. Acceptance
19
Q

Who is involved in the Care / Treatment of a Child with Special Needs?

A
  1. Developmental Paediatrician
  2. Speech and Language Therapist
  3. Occupational Therapist
  4. Physiotherapist
  5. Psychologist
  6. Social Worker
  7. Geneticist
20
Q

What are the Effects of having a Child with Special Needs, on the Family?

A
  1. Emotional
  2. Social Isolation
  3. Financial Implications
  4. Implications for Siblings
  5. Wider Family
21
Q

What are the Local Services for Developmental Problems?

A
  1. Community Paediatric Clinics
  2. Child Development Teams
  3. Multidisciplinary Assessment
  4. Therapy Sevices
22
Q

What are Additional Support Needs?

A

A Child has Additional Support Needs if they need Additional Support with their Education

3rd Year - Paediatrics (40 decks)

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