11 Delivery Of Emergency Services I Flashcards by Nino Miraglia

Within 3 to 4 minutes temperature and a structure fire can exceed what temperature

500°F

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The upper human survivability limit is what temperature according to NFPA

212°f

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In conducting survivability profiling, the company officer asks the following questions

Our occupancy expected of being or known to be trapped

2. Is it reasonable to assume that the occupants are still alive

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Crew resource management is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources personnel procedures and equipment in order to

In order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency

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Facets of crew resource management

Communications. 
Situational awareness. 
Decision-making. 
Teamwork. 
Identifying barriers to those facets

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Crew resource management is designed to create a culture or climate of freedom which personnel are encouraged to contribute to

The safety and goals of mitigating the incident

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Command staff

Incident management personnel report directly to the incident commander, includes public information officer safety officer liaison officer

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General staff

Incident management personnel who represents a major functional sections

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Section

Organizational level of responsibility for a major functional area of incident management

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Various sections of incident management

Operations. 
Planning. 
Logistics. 
Finance admin. 
Information and intelligence

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Single resources

Individual apparatus and personnel required to make them function

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Task force

Any combination of resources assembled for a specific mission or assignment. Engines ladders bulldozers

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Strike team

Set number of resources of the same kind and type like engines ladders

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Unlike taskforces, strike teams remain together and

Function as a team throughout an incident

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Unified command structure is necessary when incident involves or threatens to involve

More than one jurisdiction or agency

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According to NFPA 1561, standard for the fire department incident management system, and in national action plan establishes

The overall strategic decisions and assigned tactical objectives for an incident

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A formal written IAP will be required

Long duration events

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An effective span of control ranges from

3-7 subordinates per supervisor

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The number of subordinates during span of control can be higher in the following situations

Subordinates are within sight of supervisor can communicate
Subordinates are performing the same or similar function
Subordinates are skilled in performing the assigned task

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First arriving company officer as incident commander should implement accountability system when

soon after arrival on the scene

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Incident priorities in order

Life safety.
Incident stabilization.
Property conservation

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The company officer begins to actively size of the emergency when

The alarm sounds an emergency notification is received

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Upon arrival first arriving officer as an initial IC will normally

Establish command. Perform 360. Determine offense or defensive. Assign tasks. Begin completing tactical worksheet

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Layman described the following considerations needed for analyzing any emergency situation

Facts. Probabilities. Own goal situation. Decision. Plan of operation

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The initial decision may be seen as having three segments

Resources at scene and en route are in adequate or not. How to deploy resources at scene most effectively. What to do with resources that arrive

Scene control begins with

First arriving company officer establishing command

Most common and effective way to control the perimeter of the incident scene

Establishing three operational control zones. Hot warm cold

Unseen occupant service involve emergency responders seeing beyond the obvious physical effects of an incident on victims and being aware of

Being aware of and sensitive to their mental and emotional conditions

He moved from warmer objects to cooler objects at a rate related to their temperature difference. The greater the temperature differences between the objects the

The more rapid the transfer rate

Thermal layering of gases is also called

Heat stratification. It is the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature

Piloted ignition

Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen counters and external heat or ignition source was sufficient energy to start combustion reaction

Neutral plane

Interface of hot and cold gas layers at the opening. Point between thermal layer ending and clear visibility beginning

Rollover is distinguished from flashover because it involves only

Only the fire gases at the upper levels and not the other fuel packages

Backdraft occurs during what fire stage

Decay stage

A smoke explosion is similar to ignition of what type of gas

Propane and air within it's flammable range

Thermal properties of a compartment include

Insulation. Heat reflectivity. Retention

Fuel load also called fire load, is a total quantity of

Combustible contents of the building space or area. Includes all furnishings merchandise finish and structural components

To reduce firefighter injuries or Fidelity's coaches time proving survivability of been developed. These approaches include recognizing rapidfire development occupant survival profiling, and

crew resource management, and new rules of engagement

Firefighters should not attack if he's been fired from the stairway. This location places them in

The flowpath of hot gases exiting from the stairwell potential collapse of floor system from fire

Temperatures at the bottom of the basement stairs were often what compared to the top of the stairs

Hotter at the bottom of the stairs than the top

Temperature in a room above the fire our import indicator of

Fire conditions below and the structural integrity of the floor system

In modern fire environments is coming to experience what stage prior to flashover

Decay Prior to flashover

Once fires become ventilation limited amount of smoke forced out of structural gaps or openings is

Reduced or stopped

Firefighters should not be committed to interior offensive firefighting operations and abandoned what they're like buildings that are known or reasonably believed to be

Unoccupied

If rescue is contemplated the ability to provide safe ingress and egress for both

Occupants and firefighters must be the first consideration

Rescued animals while desirable does not meet the criteria for

Taking great risks

RECEO-VS

``` Rescue. Exposures. Containment. Extinguishment. Overhaul. Ventilation. Salvage ```

Decision making model developed by chief loydd layman that identifies a list of strategic goals for an incident.

RECEO-VS

Life safety takes precedence over

Any and all other considerations

In the RECEO-VS model, ventilation can float. Which means

It can be used when needed throughout the model

The P model, or the operational planning, was initially developed for

US Coast Guard oil spill field operations guide

The operational planning model describes an incident command system planning process that focuses on the first five steps of the NIMS planning process

One understand the situation. Establish incident objectives and strategies. Develop the plan of action. Preparing to disseminate or assign plan . Evaluate revise plan

Size up process actually begins when

Before an incident has reported and continues throughout the incident

A condition or arrival report by radio should include what information

First impression of existing hazardous conditions. | Report initial actions officer and you to take. Identify type and location of any barriers that can impede access

Communing the plan to all on scene and responding personnel usually starts with transmitting arrival report by radio and

Formally assuming command, confirm location of incident and specifies location of incident command post

condition indicators

Are visual clues to provide the company officer with information to make initial report and decisions

Following the initial size up the first company officer implements

The operational decisions that have been made

Command option, investigation option

First arriving company investigates bother responding companies remain staged. First officer assume command and go with company to investigate

Command option, fast attack option

Situation that requires immediate action to stabilize incident. Company officer goes in with interior crew and commands from inside.

Fast attack option should not last more than

A few minutes within im | Immediately dangerous to life and health atmosphere

During a fast attack option if the situation is not stabilized or transfer command has not taken place what must be done

Company officer withdraw and establish command post decide whether to withdraw remainder of crew

Two operational modes

Offense of mode. Defensive mode

Termination phase of emergency operation may include but are not limited to what activities

``` Conducting medical valuations of incident personal. Retrieving equipment used. Releasing appropriate units. Determining cause of incident. Releasing to responsible party ```

Once an emergency has been terminated the company officer may still participate in two important activities

Cause determination. | Preparing post incident analysis, or after action report

Until it can be properly investigated evidence may need to be protected with

A salvage cover or cardboard box

Firefighters can secure a scene from entrance and remain there for a reasonable amount of time to investigate when

Investigation is a continuation of the initial emergency response

An officer responded must accompany an individual when entering the premises before it is released. A written log should be kept showing what

Persons name, times of entry and exit, description of any items moved or taken

To protect the scene and any evidence what must be done for people entering and exiting

A single entry control point must be used

Some of the most common sources of evidence contamination include

``` Hand tools used. Protective equipment worn Fuel powered equipment used. Vehicles driving through scene. Friends or family removing evidence ```

First persons in the chain of evidence custody

Company officers and their personnel

When a fire investigator takes charge of the investigation following evidence information is obtained

Name and address of current and prior custodian. Description of modification handling testing or alteration that occurred with current custodian. Condition of the item when transferred to new custodian

Actions that emergency services performed that are the greatest threat to recovery of evidence or physical indication for incident cause

Overhaul or accessory actions

The post incident analysis focuses on the activities of the responders without

Placing blame or finding fault

During a post incident analysis, or critique, information is combined and then analyzed from which individuals

Company officer, incident commander, safety officer

Two primary areas of post incident analysis of the application and effectiveness of the operational strategy and tactics and

Personal safety

To develop the post incident analysis, the company should start with a clear description of the site prior to the incident. Next the officer reviews

The actions that the responding units and agencies took over the course of the incident

Who will the incident commander to sign to write the post incident analysis dealing with strategy and tactics

An officer, possibly of the command staff, section chief, or other officer present at incident

The responsibility for collecting safety related information for a post incident analysis is assigned to

The incident safety officer

The primary concerns for the safety issues portion of the post incident analysis to identify which elements

``` Violations of SOP, SOG. Future topics for company training. Poorly defined operational procedures. Unforeseen situations. Training deficits ```

Post-incident critique is

Meeting that generally involves all participating units and agencies, the meeting is based on the post incident analysis

A formal critique should be held once all necessary information has been gathered and reviewed and should occur how soon after the incident

Within one week

11 Delivery Of Emergency Services I Flashcards

(81 cards)