1.1 - Ecosystems

Question 1

What is an individual?

Answer 1

One species

Question 2

What is a population?

Answer 2

group of individuals in the same species

Question 3

What is a community

Answer 3

All living organisms in an area

Question 4

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 4

all living and nonliving things in an area (plants, animals, rocks, soil, water, air, etc)

Question 5

What is a biome

Answer 5

large area with similar climate conditions that determine plants and animal species there (ex. tropical rainforests)

Question 6

Name everything that makes up the biosphere

Answer 6

1. individual
2. population
3. community
4. ecosystem
5. biome

Question 7

What are the 4 main organism interactions?

Answer 7

1. competition (-/-)
2. predation (+/-)
3. mutualism (+/+)
4. commensalism (+/0)

Question 8

Explain competition

Answer 8

• organisms fighting over a resource like food or shelter
• limits the population size
• N,N effect

Question 9

Explain predation

Answer 9

• one organism using another for energy sources
• hunting, parasites, herbavores
• P,N effect

Question 10

Explain mutualism

Answer 10

• relationship that beenfits both organisms
• coral reefs
• P,P effect

Question 11

Explain commensalism

Answer 11

• relationship that benefits one organism and does not impact the other
• Birds in trees
• P,0 effect

Question 12

Explain the different types of predation

Answer 12

• Herbivores - eat plants for energy
• True predators - kill and eat pray for energy
• parasites - use a host organism for energy, often without killing the host and often living inside the host
• parasitoids - lay eggs inside a host organism; eggs hatch and larvae eat host for energy

Question 13

What is symbiosis

Answer 13

Any close and long-term interaction between two organisms of different species

Question 14

What are types of sybiosis?

Answer 14

• mutualism (+/+)
• commensalism (+/0)
• parasitism (+/-)

Question 15

Explain mutualism as an example of symbiosis

Answer 15

• organisms living close together in a way that benefits both species
• coral provides reef structure and CO2 for algae; algae provides sugars for coral to use as energy
• Lichen = composite organism of fungi living with algae; algae provide sugars (energy) & fungi provides nutrients

Question 16

What happens with competition?

Answer 16

reduces population size since there are fewer resources available and fewer organisms can survive

Question 17

Name and explain the 4 types of partitioning

Answer 17

1. resource partitioning - Different species using the same resource in different ways to reduce competition
2. temporal partitioning - using resources at different times; such as coyotes and wolves hunting because they hunt at different times
3. spatial partitioning - using different areas of a shared habitat (different root lengths)
4. morphological partitioning - using different resources based on different evolved body features