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Chemistry > 1.1: Elements Compounds and Mixtures > Flashcards

1.1: Elements Compounds and Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has mass and volume.
(Can be single chemical substances or a complex mixture of substances)

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2
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
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3
Q

What are the 2 types of pure substances?

A
  • Elements
  • Compounds
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

A
  • Heterogeneous Mixtures
  • Homogeneous Mixtures
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5
Q

What is electrical conductivity?
Give an example

A

The ability to transmit electricity

Eg. Copper used in electrical wire

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6
Q

What is heat conductivity?
Give an example

A

Ability to transfer heat energy

Eg. Aluminium - saucepans

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7
Q

What is Density

A

Mass to volume ratio

Eg. Water - 1g/ml

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8
Q

What is refractive index?
And what is the value for water?

A

How light passing through a material is bent

Eg. 1.33 for water

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9
Q

What is malleability?

A

Ability to be shaped by hammering

Eg. Gold jewelry

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10
Q

What is Ductility?
Example

A

Ability to be shaped by pulling into a wire

Eg. Tantalum - dentists instruments

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11
Q

What are the two types of properties?

A
  • Intensive
  • Extensive
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12
Q

What are Intensive properties?

A

Those that do not depend on the amount of matter present.

  • Can be used to identify substance
  • Examples: density, colour, and boiling point
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13
Q

What are Extensive properties?

A

Those that depend on amount of matter present

Eg. Mass, volume, weight

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14
Q

What are Physical properties and what do they arise from?

A

Those observed by examining a sample of pure substances

Arise from:
1. Molecular structure
2. Strength of intermolecular interactions

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15
Q

What are Chemical properties and what do they arise from?

A

Those observed in the course of a chemical reaction

Arise from:

Distribution of electrons around the atom’s nucleus
Particularly outer (valence) electrons

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16
Q

What are the 4 properties of pure substances?

A

• Fixed composition
• Properties don’t vary
• Can’t be separated into simpler substances by physical methods
• Can only be changed by chemical reactions

17
Q

Property of Elements

A

Cannot be split into simpler substances by a chemical reaction
Eg. Hydrogen, oxygen

18
Q

What are Compounds made up of?

A

Made up of 2 or more elements (in fixed ratio) chemically bonded together.

Eg. Water 💧

19
Q

What 2 things does Valency of an atom dictate?

A
  1. Combining power
  2. Interaction with other atoms
20
Q

What is Relative Atomic Mass? (Ar)

A

Mass of one atom of an element / 1/12 the mass of Carbon-12

21
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond

22
Q

What is Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) ?

A

Mass of one molecule of substance / 1/12 the mass of Carbon-12

23
Q

What is a mixture and state its 3 properties

A

The physical combination of atoms or molecules

  1. Has variable compositions
  2. Mixtures with different compositions may have widely different properties
  3. They can be separated into pure substances using physical methods
24
Q

What are the 4 properties of Homogeneous mixtures?

A

• Single phase
• Have the same properties throughout the mixture
• Uniform appearance
• Includes solutions

25
Q

What are the 4 properties of Homogeneous mixtures?

A

• Single phase
• Have same properties throughout the mixture
• Uniform appearance

26
Q

What are the 4 properties of Heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. Multiple phase
  2. Variable properties within a sample
  3. Non-uniform appearance
  4. Colloids are visually Homogeneous but microscopically heterogenous
27
Q

What are the 4 properties of Heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. Multiple phase
  2. Variable properties within a sample
  3. Non-uniform ap
27
Q

What are the 4 properties of Heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. Multiple phase
  2. Variable properties within a sample
  3. Non-uniform ap
28
Q

How are mixtures separated?

A

Using their difference in physical properties.

29
Q

How does crystallisation separate mixtures?

A

Select components by solubility

Solid from solution

30
Q

How does filtration separate mixtures?

A

Selects components by particle size

Solids from liquids

31
Q

How does extraction separate mixtures?

A

Selects components by solubility

Solid or liquid from solution

32
Q

How does evaporation and distillation separate mixtures?

A

Selects components by boiling point

Solution or liquid from another liquid

33
Q

How does chromatography separate mixtures?

A

Selects components by affinity for solid or mobile phases

Chemistry (13 decks)

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