1.11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is the valency of Carbon?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What is a primary Carbon?

Answer 2

A carbon bonded to ONE other carbon atom (or heteroatom)

Question 3

What is a secondary?

Answer 3

A carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms

Question 4

What is a tertiary carbon?

Answer 4

A carbon bonded to three other atoms

Question 5

What is a quaternary carbon?

Answer 5

A carbon bonded to four other carbon atoms

Question 6

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

Contain ONLY C and H

Question 7

What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Example?

Answer 7

Those with only single C-C bonds

Eg. Alkanes

Question 8

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
3 examples?

Answer 8

Contain C=C bonds / multiple (more than double)

Eg. Alkenes, aromatics, alkynes

Question 9

What are the general formulas of:
-Linear Alkanes
- Cycloalkanes

Give an example of each

Answer 9

Linear Alkanes: CnH2n+2
Eg. hexane C6H14

Cycloalkanes: CnH2n
Eg. cyclohexane C6H12

Question 10

What are the general formulas of:
- Alkenes (monoalkenes)
- Cycloalkenes
- Alkynes

Give an example of each

Answer 10

• Alkenes; CnH2n
  Eg. hex-1-ene C6H12
• Cycloalkenes: CnHn
  Eg. Benzene C6H6
• Alkynes: CnH2n-2
  Eg. hex-1-yne C6H10

Question 11

Define Aliphatic

Answer 11

Open chained / non aromatic

Question 12

Define Alicyclic

Answer 12

Compounds containing a ring of carbon atoms

Question 13

Define Aromatic
Give 2 examples

Answer 13

Contain a flat ring where all the atoms are unsaturated.
4n+2 delocalized electrons

Eg. Benzene, aniline

Question 14

Define Heterocyclic
Give 3 examples

Answer 14

Contain a ring made up of carbon and at least one other element such as N, S or O.

Eg. Pyridine, tetrahydrofuran and epoxide

Question 15

What is the general structure of an Alkyl halide?
Give and example and the functional group

Answer 15

R-X (where X = F, Cl, Br, I)

Example: Methyl bromide

Functional group: -X (halo)

Question 16

What is the general structure of an Alcohol?
Give an example and the functional group

Answer 16

R-OH

Example: Methanol

Functional group: -OH (hydroxy)

Question 17

What is the general structure of an Ether?
Give an example and the functional group

Answer 17

R-O-R

Example: Dimethyl ether

Functional group: -OR (alkoxy)

Question 18

What are the general structures of an Amines?
Give an example and the functional group

Answer 18

R-NH2, R2NH, R3N

Example: Methylamime

Functional group: amino

Question 19

What is the general structure of a Thiol?
Give an example and the functional group

Answer 19

R-SH

Example: Methanethiol

Functional group: -SH (Thio/Mercapto)

Question 20

What is the general structure of a sulfide?
Give an example and the functional group

Answer 20

R-S-R

Example: H3C-S-CH3 Methylthio methane (Dimethlysulfude)

Functional group: -SR (Alkathio)

Question 21

Continue from page 12 :)