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Immunology > 11-Failures of the Body's Defenses > Flashcards

11-Failures of the Body's Defenses Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in genetic variation?

A

A pathogen changes its surface molecules and escape recognition by Ab’s

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2
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

world wide infection as a result from antigenic shift

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3
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A local spread of infection

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4
Q

What type of mutations cause antigenic drift?

A

Point mutations

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5
Q

What type of change of viral genomes cause antigenic shift?

A

When they rearrange their segmented genomes. This is bad.

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6
Q

How does trypanosomes evade Ab response?

A

They rearrange their surface Ag’s so Ab’s can’t bind to them

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7
Q

How do herpes evade the immune system?

A

They enter a dormant/latent stage that Tc cells can’t recognize

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8
Q

Why are there so many immunodeficiency diseases in males?

A

It’s a scheme by women to kill off all men. Also X linked.

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9
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease- cause

A

Mutation in NADPH Oxidase –> deficiency

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10
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease- clinical Sx

A

recurrent infections with catalase + bacteria, granulomas

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11
Q

Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency- cause

A

Absence of CD18 –> no binding of leukocytes to come into infected tissues

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12
Q

Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

recurrent infections, can’t form pus, omphalitis

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13
Q

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome- cause

A

granule defect in PMN’s –> phagocytosed material cannot be delivered to lysosomes

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14
Q

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome- clinical Sx

A

Recurrent infections, lymphomas (no NK activity), partial albinism

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15
Q

G6PD Deficiency- cause

A

deficiency in essential enzyme in HMP shunt pathway

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16
Q

G6PD Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

recurrent infections with catalase + bacteria, anemia

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17
Q

MPO Deficiency- cause

A

granule enzyme deficiency

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18
Q

MPO Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

mild to none

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19
Q

Job syndrome- cause

A

TH1 cells cant make IFN-g –> PMN’s can’t respond to chemotactic stimuli

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20
Q

Job Syndrome- clinical Sx

A

carse facies, cold abscesses, retainined 1o teeth, eczema

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21
Q

Classical pathway deficiency- cause

A

Deficiency in C1q, C1r, C1s, C4 or C2

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22
Q

Classical pathway deficiency- clinical Sx

A

immune complex diseases, increasing infections with pyogenic bacteria

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23
Q

Alternative Pathway Deficiency- cause

A

deficiency in factor B or properdin

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24
Q

Alternative Pathway Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

neisserial infections

25
Q

C3 Deficiency- cause

A

Deficiency in C3 –> cant have either classical or alternative pathway active

26
Q

C3 Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

recurrent infections, immune complex disease

27
Q

MAC deficiency- cause

A

Defect in C5-9

28
Q

MAC Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

recurrent neisserial infections

29
Q

Hereditary Angioedema- cause

A

C1 inhibitor deficiency –> prolonged activation of classical complement pathway

30
Q

Hereditary Angioedema- clinical Sx

A

Edema in various tissues

31
Q

X Linked Agammaglobulinemia- cause

A

tyrosine kinase (btk) deficiency –> B cells cant mature

32
Q

X Linked Agammaglobulinemia- clinical Sx

A

infections with capsulated bacteria

33
Q

Hyper IgM syndrome- cause

A

CD40L on T cells missing –> no class switching

34
Q

Hyper IgM syndrome- clinical Sx

A

recurrent infections and high IgM levels (lol obvi)

35
Q

Common variable immunodeficiency- cause

A

many causes but there isnt enough Ab production

36
Q

Common variable immunodeficiency- clinical Sx

A

Recurrent infections, Ig levels decrease

37
Q

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy- cause

A

many, but it’s the overall reduction in IgG

38
Q

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy- clinical Sx

A

respiratory infections, pyogenic infections

39
Q

Selective IgA Deficiency- cause

A

unknown, but lack IgA

40
Q

Selective IgA Deficiency- Clinical Sx

A

asymptomatic, but increased respiratory infections.

41
Q

Digeorge syndrome- cause

A

no thymus –> no T cells

42
Q

Digeorge syndrome- clinical Sx

A

weird face, hypopatathyroidism, cardiac malformations, recurrent viral infections

43
Q

MHC-I Deficiency- cause

A

failure of TAP1 to transport peptides into ER –> no MHCI w/Ag

44
Q

MHC-I Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

recurrent viral infections, normal Ab levels, normal Cd8/4 levels

45
Q

MHC-II Deficiency- cause

A

transcription factor defect –> no MHC-II

46
Q

MHC-II Deficiency- clinical Sx

A

deficient in CD4 cells, resembles SCID

47
Q

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome- cause

A

stops expression of MHCII –> Th cells dont develop

48
Q

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome- clinical Sx

A

similiar to DiGeorges, recurrent infections

49
Q

SCID- cause

A

IL-2 receptor defect –> no growth/differentiation of B or T cells

50
Q

SCID- clinical Sx

A

GI problems, mouth lesions, recurrent infections

51
Q

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (like SCID)- cause

A

adenosine deaminase deficiency –> prevent DNA synthesis in developing B/T cells

52
Q

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (like SCID)- clinical Sx

A

same as SCID

53
Q

Omenn Syndrome (like SCID)- cause

A

RAG1/2 nonsense mutations –> no B or T cells

54
Q

Omenn Syndrome (like SCID)- clinical Sx

A

same as SCID

55
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome- cause

A

defect in cytoskeletal glycoprotein –> decreased Ab’s and platelets

56
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome- clinical Sx

A

eczema, thrombocytopenia, immunodeficiency

57
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia- cause

A

cell cycle kinase mutation –> IgA and IgE deficiency

58
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia- clinical Sx

A

ataxia, telengiectasia (broken blood vessels)

Immunology (11 decks)

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