14- Vaccination Flashcards
How did the cowpox give immunity to smallpox?
Cowpox gave immunity to smallpox because the two viruses have some antigens in common
What is a subunit vaccine?
vaccine just using the antigenic viral surface components
What is the BCG vaccine?
BCG vaccine is derived from bovine strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis and provides protection against TB
Is the BCG used in the US?
Nope
What is the toxoid vaccine?
made by purifying the respective toxin and treating it with formalin to destroy its toxic activity
What are examples of toxoid vaccines?
Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines
What is the difference between DTP and DTaP?
The pertussis is acellular and doesnt cause as strong as an inflammatory response at the site on injection
What is the goal of capsular polysaccharide vaccines?
They produce complement-fixing Ab’s that bind to the capsule of capsulated pathogens and kill it
What happens to the B cell in capsular polysaccharide vaccines?
They can create Ab’s w/o T cell activation
Why are conjugate vaccines better than capsular polysaccharide vaccines?
they allow children to be vaccinated
What is the mechanism of action of conjugate vaccines when some1 is vaccinated?
T cells responding to the protein carrier (toxoid) can then stimulate polysaccharide specific B cells to make antibodies
What is the use of adjuvants?
They induce inflammation by an Ag-independent mechanism.
Who do you never give live attenuated vaccines to?
Immunocompromised or pregnant ladies.
What is herd immunity?
When people have been vaccinated against a pathogen so that the pathogen can’t spread in that population. The herd. Is. Immune. Omg.
