11. Gas exchange in humans

Question 1

What are the main organs in the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The lungs

The lungs contain the surfaces where gas exchange takes place.

Question 2

What role do intercostal muscles play in breathing?

Answer 2

They work antagonistically in pairs to expand and contract the rib cage

Internal and external intercostal muscles are found between the ribs.

Question 3

What is the function of the ribs?

Answer 3

They protect the lungs and heart from physical damage.

Question 4

What does the larynx contain?

Answer 4

Vocal cords.

Question 5

What connects the throat to the bronchi?

Answer 5

Trachea.

Question 6

What structural feature is present in the trachea to keep it open?

Answer 6

C-shaped cartilage rings.

Question 7

What is the primary function of the bronchi?

Answer 7

To carry air from the trachea to the lungs.

Question 8

What happens to the bronchi in the lungs?

Answer 8

They split into two tubes to enter the left and right lung, and then branch further inside the lungs.

Question 9

What are bronchioles?

Answer 9

Smaller tubes that branch off from the bronchi in the lungs.

Question 10

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 10

In the alveoli.

Question 11

What do alveoli comprise?

Answer 11

Tiny air sacs with a capillary network.

Question 12

What diffuses into the capillaries from the air in the alveoli?

Answer 12

Oxygen.

Question 13

What diffuses out of the capillaries in the alveoli?

Answer 13

Waste carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The _______ are smaller tubes which branch off from the bronchi in the lungs.

Answer 14

bronchioles.

Question 15

True or False: The trachea is a solid tube without any structural support.

Answer 15

False.

Question 17

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in humans?

Answer 17

To facilitate gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.

Question 18

True or False: Gas exchange occurs in the bronchi.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs called?

Answer 19

Alveoli

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide is called __________.

Answer 20

Respiration

Question 21

What is the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange?

Answer 21

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body’s tissues.

Question 22

Which gas is primarily exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide

Question 23

Multiple Choice: Which structure is NOT part of the respiratory system? A) Trachea B) Alveoli C) Esophagus D) Bronchi

Answer 23

C) Esophagus

Question 24

What is the term for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

Answer 24

Ventilation

Question 25

True or False: Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood due to higher concentration in the alveoli.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the diaphragm's role in breathing?

Answer 26

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to change the volume of the thoracic cavity, facilitating inhalation and exhalation.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The exchange of gases between the blood and body tissues is known as __________.

Answer 27

Internal respiration

Question 28

What is the main purpose of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

Answer 28

To filter, warm, and humidify the air before it enters the lungs.

Question 29

Which part of the brain regulates breathing rate?

Answer 29

Medulla oblongata

Question 30

True or False: The lungs are responsible for producing sound during speech.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the effect of carbon dioxide levels on breathing rate?

Answer 31

Increased carbon dioxide levels stimulate an increase in breathing rate.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which gas has a higher concentration in the atmosphere compared to the blood? A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) Nitrogen D) All of the above

Answer 32

A) Oxygen

Question 33

What are the two main types of respiration?

Answer 33

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The respiratory surface in humans is made up of __________.

Answer 34

Alveolar epithelium

Question 35

What is the significance of the large surface area of the alveoli?

Answer 35

It allows for more efficient gas exchange.

Question 36

True or False: The thoracic cavity expands during exhalation.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What is the primary waste product of aerobic respiration that is removed by the lungs?

Answer 37

Carbon dioxide

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a mechanism of gas exchange? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Filtration D) Evaporation

Answer 38

A) Diffusion

Question 39

What can cause a decrease in the efficiency of gas exchange?

Answer 39

Conditions such as asthma, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The process of gas exchange in the alveoli is driven by the difference in __________.

Answer 40

Partial pressures of the gases

Question 41

What structure connects the throat to the lungs?

Answer 41

Trachea

Question 42

True or False: The oxygen we inhale is used directly by our cells.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What are the main muscles involved in breathing?

Answer 43

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 44

Multiple Choice: During inhalation, the diaphragm __________. A) Relaxes B) Contracts C) Expands D) None of the above

Answer 44

B) Contracts

Question 45

What is the primary function of the alveolar-capillary membrane?

Answer 45

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The respiratory system works closely with the __________ system to supply oxygen to the body.

Answer 46

Circulatory

Question 47

True or False: Gas exchange occurs in the bronchioles.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What is the main gas transported by red blood cells?

Answer 48

Oxygen