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Neuro test 2 > 1.1 Gross brain, brainstem, spinal cord > Flashcards

1.1 Gross brain, brainstem, spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is most rostral in the developing brain? What does it develop into?

A

The forebrain/prosencephalon; develops into the Telencephalon and diencephalon

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2
Q

What is the most caudal in the developing brain? What does it develop into?

A

Hindbrain/ rhombencephalon; develops into the metencephalon and myelencephalon

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3
Q

What is the adult derivative of the telencephalon?

A

Cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

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4
Q

What is the adult derivative of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and third ventricle

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5
Q

What is the adult derivative of the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

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6
Q

What is the adult derivative of the metencephalon?

A

Pons, cerebellum, and upper part of fourth ventricle

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7
Q

What is the adult derivative of the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla and lower part of fourth ventricle

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8
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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9
Q

What does the sylvian/lateral fissure separate?

A

temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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10
Q

What does corpus collosum do?

A

integrates motor, sensory, and helps both hemispheres communicate

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11
Q

What does the paracentral lobule do?

A

motor and sensory of contralateral LE

has anterior and posterior gyri

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12
Q

What is cingulate gyrus in charge of?

A

limbic and memory and learning

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13
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

personality, decision making, motor, speech

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14
Q

What do the middle frontal gyri make?

A

the frontal eye fields

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15
Q

What are the divisions of the inferior frontal gyri

A

Pars orbitalis (posterior), pars triangularis, and pars opercularis (anterior)

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16
Q

What makes up the primary motor cortex? What is the function?

A

precentral gyrus + anterior paracentral gyrus

F: planning and initiating motor movement

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17
Q

What makes up brocas area? what is its aphasia?

A

Pars opercularis and pars triangularis

Brocas Aphasia= lose speech

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18
Q

What is the homonculus?

A

somatotopically organized to represent the cortical distribution of different body regions (of primary motor cortex)

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19
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

sensory and association

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20
Q

What is part of the inferior portion of the parietal lobule? what does it make?

A

supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus–> Wernickes area

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21
Q

What is Wernickes aphasia?

A

lose language comprehension ability

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22
Q

What makes up the primary somatosensory cortex? What does it do?

A

post central gyrus and posterior paracentral gyrus

controls sensation

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23
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

processing and interpretation of auditory stimuli, memory, and organizing/comprehending language

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24
Q

What are the parts of the temporal gyri?

A

superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri

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25
What do the transverse temporal gyri make up?
Primary auditory association cortex
26
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
integrating and processing visual stimuli
27
What are the gyri and sulci associated with the occipital lobe? Make up visual cortex?
Cuneus Gyrus, Calcarine sulcus, and, lingual gyrus (primary visual cortex) also have parietoccipital sulcus (w parietal and occipital lobes
28
What gyri does the insular lobe have? what are their characteristics?
long gyri- caudal short gyri- rostral *separated by central sulcus too
29
Where is the uncus located?
near the parahippocampal gyrus (which is very close to the midbrain and the collateral sulcus)
30
Basal ganglia- What is medial to the putamen?
globus pallidus, as well as the caudate nucleus, third ventricle and internal capsule
31
What are the important parts of the diencephalon?
anterior commissure, posterior commisure (fold bw pineal gland and superior colliculus) thalamus, hypothalamus
32
What are the main divisions of the thalamus
epithalamus, dorsal (largest), and ventral
33
What is the infundibulum?
connects anterior and posterior pituitary** to hypothalamus ** considered part of diencephalon
34
What are the mammillary bodies important for?
recollective memory
35
Where does the oculomotor nerve exit form in mesencephalon?
interpeduncular fossa bw cerebral peduncles
36
What does the trochlear n. do in the mesencephalon?
"tricky trochlear;"' wraps around brain stem, demarkates movement from midbrain--> pons
37
Where are the descending cortical spinal tracts passing through in mesencephalon?
crus cerebri (Ears of mickey mouse)
38
Why is the red nucleus of the mesencephalon important?
helps coordinate motor movement (eyes of mickey)
39
What is the role of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
visual information from lateral geniculate body (dienc.)
40
What is the role of the inferior colliculus in the midbrain?
ascending auditory information to medical geniculate body (dienc.)
41
What is inferior to cerebral peduncles?
the pons and CN V
42
What is important about the pontomedullary jxn?
inferior to pons, indicates transition bw pons to medulla where CN 6-8 exit (medial to lateral)
43
What is the significance of the rhomboid fossa?
diamond shaped area where 4th ventricle wouldve been located
44
what is the significance of the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles?
would have connected diff portions of brain stem to cerebellum
45
What does the median fissure do? what is it part of?
bisects rhomboid fossa, create eminence metencephalon
46
What does the sulcus limitans do? part of ?
separate the facial colliculus from the vestibular area metencephalon
47
What does the stria medullaris acoustica do? part of?
separates rhomboid fossa into superior and inferior halves superior- pontine; inferior- medullary metencephalon
48
What are the parts of the pons and what is their importance?
Basilar- most anterior; demarcated by exiting of CN V (descending cortical tracts) Tegmentium- posterior to exiting of CN V
49
where is the anterior median fissure and what is lateral to it?
It is in the midline of the medulla and lateral to it is the pyramid--> preolivary sulcus (with cn 12)--> olive--> postolivary sulcus (with CN 9-11)
50
What is the decussation of pyramids?
oblique crossing of tracts; where the cortical spinal tracts split into anterior and lateral
51
What is the obex? what is inferior to it?
Different borders of rhomboid fossa coming together; inferior to is tuberculum gracilis and cuneitis (part of ascending pathway- proprioceptive and tactile of upper extremity) with associated fasciculi
52
What are the components of the olive and what do they represent?
myelencephelon Superior olivary complex- auditory pathway Inferior olivary complex- motor learning
53
How long does the spinal cord span for?
From foramen magnum--> L1/L2
54
What is the spinal cord attached to?
Its attached laterally by denticulate ligaments (PURE PIA MATER) and caudally by filum terminale (internum at S2 and externum at coccyx); tapers into conus medullaris (with nerve roots extending down - "cauda equina"
55
What is the importance of the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord?
that is where the anterior spinal a. is
56
What is the importance of the posterolateral sulcus/septum?
present throughout entire spinal cord; where dorsal roots enter
57
What is the importance of the posterior intermediate sulcus?
It is only in the upper thoracic/cervical region (where fasciculis cuneitis is); separates the gracilis and cuneitis LE= faciculate gracilis
58
What composes white matter of the spinal cord?
Anterior funiculus- contain anterior cortical spinal tracts and medial longitunal faciuclus lateral funiculus- where spinal thylamic tract and anterior lateral system located posterior funiculus- where dorsal columns are (faciculus gracilis/cuneitis)
59
What composes the gray matter of spinal cord?
anterior and posterior horn, connected by intermediate zone
60
What are the charachteristics of the spinal cord?
Cervical- more oval and larger anterior and posterior horns; posterior intermediate septum there Thoracic- more round, smaller AH and PH; small protrusion into lateral faniculus (where preganglionic sympathetic neurons located); have posterior thoracic nucleus there Lumbar- rounder and larger AH and PH sacral- mostly gray matter

Neuro test 2 (15 decks)

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